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Geostationary satellites orbit the Earth from west to east.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Geostationary satellites orbit in the same direction as the Earth's rotation (west to east) to remain fixed relative to a point on the Earth's surface.
The Sun is a solid ball of fire.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The Sun is not solid; it is a massive sphere of hot plasma (ionized gas). It generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core, converting hydrogen into helium.
Pluto is larger than Earth's Moon.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Pluto is smaller than Earth's Moon. Pluto's diameter is about 2,377 km, while the Moon's diameter is about 3,475 km.
Kalpana Chawla died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-American astronaut, was one of the seven crew members who died when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry on February 1, 2003.
A meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and lands on the surface is called a meteor.
- True
- False
Answer: False
A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. When it enters the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor (shooting star). If it survives and hits the ground, it is called a meteorite.
The Pole Star (Polaris) is located in the constellation Ursa Minor.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Polaris, the North Star, is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor (the Little Dipper). It is closely aligned with the Earth's rotational axis, making it appear stationary in the sky.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon.
- True
- False
Answer: False
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, casting a shadow on Earth. When Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, it is a lunar eclipse.
Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian citizen to travel to space.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to travel to space in 1984 aboard the Soviet Soyuz T-11 spacecraft. Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-born woman in space, but she was a US citizen at the time.
Venus rotates on its axis from east to west, unlike most other planets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Venus has a retrograde rotation, meaning it spins in the opposite direction to most other planets (east to west). This causes the Sun to rise in the west and set in the east on Venus.
Saturn is the only planet in the solar system with rings.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While Saturn has the most prominent and visible rings, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune also have ring systems, though they are fainter and less extensive.
A light year is a unit of time.
- True
- False
Answer: False
A light year is a unit of distance, not time. It is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (approximately 9.46 trillion kilometers).
A black hole's gravity is so strong that not even light can escape from it once it crosses the event horizon.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The event horizon is the boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing, including light, can escape the gravitational pull. This is a defining characteristic of black holes.
NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NASA is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research.
The Sun is classified as a Yellow Dwarf star (G-type main-sequence star).
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star, commonly referred to as a Yellow Dwarf. It is in the middle of its life cycle, fusing hydrogen into helium.
Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2006.
- True
- False
Answer: True
In August 2006, the IAU redefined the criteria for a planet, and Pluto did not meet the criterion of 'clearing its neighborhood' of other objects, thus becoming a dwarf planet.
True or False: Supercritical CO₂ extraction is used to obtain caffeine-free coffee and essential oils without toxic solvent residues.
- True
- False
Answer: True
scCO₂ is non-toxic, non-flammable, easily removed by depressurization. Selective extraction by tuning pressure/temperature. Widely adopted in food, pharma, cosmetics industries. Embodies green chemistry principles. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Mainstreaming climate action into sectoral policies (energy, transport, agriculture) is essential for achieving India's NDCs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NDCs require cross-ministerial coordination: renewable targets (MNRE), EV promotion (DHI), climate-smart agriculture (MoA). NITI Aayog facilitates policy coherence. Critical for credible, implementable climate strategy. [[NITI Aayog, MoEFCC Reports]]
True or False: Space solar power concepts involve collecting solar energy in orbit and beaming it to Earth via microwaves or lasers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SBSP offers 24/7 baseload renewable power, independent of weather. Challenges: launch costs, in-space assembly, wireless power transmission efficiency. ISRO studies feasibility; global interest growing. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are designed using tumor-specific mutations identified from a patient's genome.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Neoantigens arise from somatic mutations in tumors; personalized vaccines prime T cells to target them. mRNA platform enables rapid design. Clinical trials show promise in melanoma, glioblastoma. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: The ABDM Health Information Exchange (HIE) uses FHIR standards for seamless data sharing among healthcare systems.
- True
- False
Answer: True
FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a global standard for exchanging electronic health records. ABDM adopts FHIR to ensure interoperability between public/private providers, labs, pharmacies. [[MoHFW, NHA Reports]]