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The observable universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Observations of distant supernovae in the late 1990s revealed that cosmic expansion is accelerating, attributed to dark energy. This discovery won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Jupiter's rings were discovered by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Unlike Saturn's bright rings, Jupiter's faint ring system was unknown until Voyager 1 imaged them in 1979. They consist mainly of dust particles.
ISRO was established in 1969, replacing INCOSPAR.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed on August 15, 1969, superseding the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) established in 1962.
White dwarfs are the remnants of low-to-medium mass stars like our Sun.
- True
- False
Answer: True
After exhausting nuclear fuel, stars like the Sun shed their outer layers as planetary nebulae, leaving behind a dense core called a white dwarf.
Reusable launch vehicles aim to reduce the cost of access to space.
- True
- False
Answer: True
By recovering and reusing major components (like boosters), launch costs can be significantly reduced compared to expendable rockets. SpaceX's Falcon 9 is a prominent example.
Neptune is the farthest known planet from the Sun in our solar system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Since Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet in 2006, Neptune remains the eighth and farthest known major planet from the Sun.
Laika, the dog sent into space by the Soviet Union in 1957, survived the mission and returned to Earth.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Laika died during the flight aboard Sputnik 2 due to overheating and stress. There was no technology at the time to return the spacecraft safely to Earth.
The Event Horizon Telescope captured the first-ever image of a black hole (M87*) in 2019.
- True
- False
Answer: True
On April 10, 2019, the EHT collaboration released the first direct image of a black hole's shadow and photon ring, located in the galaxy Messier 87.
Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is believed to have a subsurface ocean beneath its icy crust.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Scientific evidence strongly suggests Europa harbors a global saltwater ocean beneath its ice shell, making it a prime target in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Red stars are hotter than blue stars.
- True
- False
Answer: False
In stellar classification, blue stars are the hottest (surface temperatures > 30,000 K), while red stars are the coolest (surface temperatures < 3,500 K). Color indicates temperature via Wien's displacement law.
Saturn's rings are made mostly of ice particles with some rocky debris and dust.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saturn's rings are composed predominantly of water ice particles, ranging in size from tiny grains to large boulders, along with some rocky material and dust.
A supernova is the explosion of a star at the end of its life cycle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
A supernova is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion that occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion.
JAXA is the space agency of Japan.
- True
- False
Answer: True
JAXA stands for Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. It is responsible for research, technology development, and launch of satellites into orbit.
A lunar eclipse can only occur during a full moon.
- True
- False
Answer: True
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon. This alignment can only happen during a full moon.
Mercury has no atmosphere.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mercury has a very thin exosphere rather than a true atmosphere. It is too small and hot to retain a significant atmosphere, leading to extreme temperature fluctuations.
Neil Armstrong was the commander of the Apollo 11 mission.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Neil Armstrong served as the commander of the Apollo 11 mission, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969.
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star located in the constellation Orion.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star in the constellation Orion. It is one of the largest stars visible to the naked eye and is expected to explode as a supernova in the future.
A geostationary satellite orbits at an altitude of approximately 36,000 km.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (often rounded to 36,000 km) above the Earth's equator.
Light travels faster than sound.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Light travels at approximately 300,000 km/s in a vacuum, while sound travels at about 343 m/s in air. This is why we see lightning before we hear thunder.
A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space, often a star-forming region.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Nebulae are vast clouds of gas and dust in space. Some nebulae come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, while others are regions where new stars are beginning to form.