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Tidal locking causes a moon to always show the same face to its parent planet.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tidal dissipation synchronizes rotation/orbital periods over time; most major moons including Earth's Moon are tidally locked.
Passivation of spent rocket stages prevents accidental explosions that create debris.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Passivation vents residual propellants/batteries, eliminating explosion risks; mandated by international guidelines (IADC/UN COPUOS).
Supersonic parachutes are ineffective for landing heavy payloads on Mars due to thin atmosphere.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mars' thin atmosphere limits parachute deceleration; payloads >1 ton require supplemental propulsion (sky crane/retro-rockets) as used by Curiosity/Perseverance.
O-type stars are the hottest and most massive main-sequence stars.
- True
- False
Answer: True
O-stars (>30,000 K, >16 solar masses) dominate UV output and drive feedback in star-forming regions, living only few million years.
The Nice model explains late heavy bombardment via planetary migration in early solar system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Nice model posits giant planets migrated after gas disk dispersal, destabilizing planetesimal disk and triggering LHB ~4 Ga ago.
Robotic refueling missions aim to extend satellite lifetimes by replenishing propellant in orbit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NASA's OSAM-1 and Northrop Grumman's MEV demonstrate on-orbit servicing/refueling, reducing space debris and maximizing asset value.
Optical (laser) communication offers higher data rates than RF but requires precise pointing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Lasercom achieves Gbps-Tbps rates with narrow beams, demanding µrad-level pointing accuracy; demonstrated by LCRD, EDRS, and upcoming Indian missions.
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a leading candidate for cold dark matter.
- True
- False
Answer: True
WIMPs naturally arise in supersymmetry theories, interacting via weak nuclear force/gravity, matching observed dark matter abundance through thermal freeze-out.
Horseshoe orbits describe co-orbital motion where objects appear to trace horseshoe paths relative to a planet.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Objects like 3753 Cruithne exhibit horseshoe orbits relative to Earth, exchanging angular momentum without collision due to 1:1 mean-motion resonance.
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is used to produce complex rocket engine components with reduced part count.
- True
- False
Answer: True
3D-printed injectors, chambers, and nozzles consolidate assemblies into single parts, cutting weight/cost; used in SpaceX SuperDraco and ISRO SCE-200 engines.
Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) stations use S-band for near-Earth and X-band for deep space missions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
S-band (2-4 GHz) handles LEO/GEO TT&C; X-band (7-8 GHz) provides higher data rates for deep space links with reduced interference.
Molecular clouds are the coldest and densest regions of the interstellar medium where stars form.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Giant molecular clouds (10-20 K, 10²-10⁶ particles/cm³) shield molecules from UV radiation, enabling gravitational collapse and star formation.
Ganymede is the only moon in the solar system known to have its own intrinsic magnetic field.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ganymede possesses a dipole magnetic field generated by dynamo action in its liquid iron core, creating a mini-magnetosphere within Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Multi-layer insulation (MLI) blankets protect spacecraft from extreme temperature variations in vacuum.
- True
- False
Answer: True
MLI consists of reflective foil layers separated by spacers, minimizing radiative heat transfer and maintaining thermal stability in space environment.
Planetary nebulae are formed by supernova explosions of massive stars.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Planetary nebulae result from low-to-intermediate mass stars (1-8 solar masses) ejecting outer layers during AGB phase; supernovae involve massive stars >8 solar masses.
ASI is the acronym for the Italian Space Agency.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) manages Italy's space program, contributing modules to ISS and developing Vega rocket with ESA.
Makemake is brighter than Pluto in visible light.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Pluto has higher albedo (~0.5-0.7) than Makemake (~0.77 but smaller size); Pluto appears brighter due to larger diameter despite similar reflectivity.
The Lyman-alpha forest in quasar spectra reveals the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Absorption lines blueward of Lyman-alpha emission trace intervening hydrogen clouds at different redshifts, mapping cosmic web structure.
Aerogel is used in space missions primarily for its high thermal insulation properties.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Silica aerogel's nanoporous structure makes it an excellent insulator; used on Mars rovers (Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity) to protect electronics from extreme cold.
Sputnik 1 remained in orbit for less than three months before re-entering Earth's atmosphere.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched Oct 4, 1957, Sputnik 1 orbited for 92 days before burning up on Jan 4, 1958, though its radio signals lasted only 21 days.