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World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5 to raise global awareness about environmental issues.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Established by the UN in 1973, World Environment Day mobilizes action through campaigns, events, and policy advocacy worldwide.
Sustainable development seeks to balance economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The three pillars of sustainability—economic, social, and environmental—must be integrated to meet present needs without compromising future generations.
The 'Tragedy of the Commons' describes a situation where individuals acting in self-interest deplete a shared resource, harming collective welfare.
- True
- False
Answer: True
This concept, illustrated by overgrazing of common land, highlights the need for collective action, property rights, or regulation to manage common-pool resources.
The 'Green GDP' concept attempts to account for environmental degradation and resource depletion in national income accounting.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green GDP adjusts conventional GDP by subtracting the costs of environmental damage and resource depletion, promoting sustainable development metrics.
Citizen science initiatives involve the public in collecting environmental data, such as bird counts or water quality testing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Citizen science engages volunteers in scientific research, expanding data collection capacity and raising environmental awareness among communities.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to map and analyze spatial patterns of environmental pollution.
- True
- False
Answer: True
GIS integrates spatial data with attribute information, enabling visualization, analysis, and decision-making for environmental management and planning.
Remote sensing involves collecting information about an object or area from a distance, typically using satellites or aircraft.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Remote sensing uses sensors to detect and record reflected or emitted energy, enabling large-scale environmental monitoring without physical contact.
The 'Green India Mission' aims to increase forest/tree cover and improve ecosystem services.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched under NAPCC, the Green India Mission targets enhancing forest cover, biodiversity, and livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.
The concept of 'Joint Forest Management' (JFM) in India involves local communities in forest protection and management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
JFM, initiated in 1990, partners forest departments with village communities for sustainable forest management and sharing of benefits.
Social forestry involves planting trees on community and private lands to meet local needs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Social forestry promotes tree planting by communities for fuel, fodder, timber, and environmental benefits, reducing pressure on natural forests.
Greenhouse gases trap heat by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, and water vapor absorb outgoing infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-emit it, warming the atmosphere.
Temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere due to absorption of UV radiation by ozone.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ozone molecules absorb ultraviolet radiation, converting it to heat, which causes temperature to rise with altitude in the stratosphere.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where most weather phenomena occur.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 8-15 km and contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass, where clouds, rain, and winds form.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is responsible for issuing weather forecasts and warnings for cyclones and extreme weather events.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IMD monitors weather systems, provides forecasts, and issues warnings to enable preparedness and response to meteorological hazards.
Urban flooding in Indian cities is often exacerbated by encroachment on natural drainage channels and wetlands.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Filling lakes, concreting over drains, and unplanned urbanization reduce infiltration and block natural water flow, increasing flood vulnerability.
Early warning systems for cyclones have significantly reduced mortality in coastal India in recent decades.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Improved forecasting, communication, and evacuation protocols by IMD and NDMA have enhanced preparedness and saved lives during cyclones.
Rainwater harvesting systems can be integrated into building design to reduce dependence on municipal water supply.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Building-integrated rainwater harvesting collects roof runoff for non-potable uses or groundwater recharge, enhancing water security.
Biofuels produced from algae have the potential to yield more energy per hectare than traditional crop-based biofuels.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algae can grow rapidly in non-arable land using wastewater or seawater, offering higher oil yields without competing with food crops.
Green buildings are designed to minimize resource consumption and environmental impact throughout their lifecycle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green buildings use energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste reduction strategies for lower ecological footprint.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has been an important tool for citizens to seek judicial intervention on environmental issues in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PILs have enabled courts to address environmental degradation, protect ecosystems, and hold authorities accountable for environmental protection.