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The 'World Air Quality Report' is published annually by IQAir, ranking cities and countries based on PM2.5 concentrations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IQAir aggregates data from government monitoring stations and community sensors to provide comparative air quality assessments globally.
The 'Air Quality Life Index' (AQLI) translates particulate pollution concentrations into their impact on human life expectancy.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Developed by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago, AQLI quantifies how reducing PM2.5 pollution can increase life expectancy.
The 'Living Planet Report' published by WWF uses the Living Planet Index to track global biodiversity trends.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Living Planet Index measures changes in abundance of vertebrate species populations globally, serving as a key indicator of biodiversity health.
The 'Right to Information Act, 2005' can be used by citizens to seek information on environmental clearances and pollution data from public authorities.
- True
- False
Answer: True
RTI empowers citizens to access government records, enhancing transparency, accountability, and public participation in environmental governance.
The 'Environmental Impact Assessment' (EIA) Notification, 2006 categorizes projects into Category A (requiring central clearance) and Category B (state clearance).
- True
- False
Answer: True
This classification streamlines the clearance process based on project scale and potential impact, with Category B further divided into B1 (EIA required) and B2 (no EIA).
The 'Public Trust Doctrine' holds that certain natural resources are preserved for public use, and the government must protect them for public benefit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Indian courts have applied this doctrine to safeguard rivers, forests, and other ecological assets from privatization or degradation, ensuring intergenerational equity.
The 'Beehive' model of rural electrification promotes community-managed microgrids powered by renewable sources.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Such decentralized models empower local communities to own and operate energy systems, ensuring reliability and affordability in remote areas.
Energy efficiency measures, such as using LED bulbs and efficient appliances, reduce electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Improving energy efficiency is often the most cost-effective way to cut emissions, enhance energy security, and lower consumer bills.
Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity without moving parts or emissions during operation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PV technology uses semiconductor materials to generate electric current from photons, offering clean, decentralized energy with minimal maintenance.
Crop rotation helps in breaking pest cycles, improving soil fertility, and reducing erosion.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Rotating crops with different nutrient needs and growth habits enhances soil structure, reduces disease buildup, and optimizes resource use.
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) aims to eliminate external input costs by using natural inputs and traditional knowledge.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ZBNF, promoted in India, uses practices like bijamrita, jiwamrita, mulching, and intercropping to enhance soil fertility and reduce farmer indebtedness.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines biological, cultural, and chemical methods to control pests with minimal environmental impact.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IPM emphasizes prevention, monitoring, and targeted interventions, reducing reliance on broad-spectrum pesticides and protecting beneficial organisms.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable in the troposphere but break down in the stratosphere, releasing chlorine atoms that destroy ozone.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UV radiation in the stratosphere cleaves CFCs, releasing chlorine radicals that catalytically destroy ozone molecules, depleting the ozone layer.
Eutrophication of water bodies is often caused by excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Nutrient enrichment triggers algal blooms; subsequent decomposition depletes dissolved oxygen, causing fish kills and ecosystem imbalance.
pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with 7 being neutral.
- True
- False
Answer: True
pH scale ranges from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline); most natural waters have pH between 6.5 and 8.5, suitable for aquatic life.
Preserving urban wetlands helps in flood control, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity conservation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Urban wetlands act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater, filtering pollutants, and providing habitat for diverse species.
Green roofs and vertical gardens in urban areas can help mitigate heat island effect and improve air quality.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Vegetated building surfaces provide insulation, absorb CO2, filter pollutants, reduce stormwater runoff, and enhance urban biodiversity.
Urban heat island effect refers to higher temperatures in cities compared to surrounding rural areas due to human activities and built surfaces.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Concrete, asphalt, and reduced vegetation absorb and re-emit heat, while waste heat from vehicles and buildings elevates urban temperatures.
Earth Hour, observed globally by switching off lights for one hour, aims to raise awareness about climate change.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Initiated by WWF, Earth Hour symbolizes collective commitment to environmental action and sparks conversations about sustainability beyond the event.
Mass media campaigns can effectively raise public awareness and influence pro-environmental behaviors.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Strategic communication through TV, radio, social media, and print can disseminate information, shape attitudes, and motivate collective action for sustainability.