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The Metaverse Standards Forum aims to develop interoperable protocols for virtual worlds.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Metaverse Standards Forum (Khronos Group, Linux Foundation) develops open standards for interoperability: avatars, assets, identity across platforms. Critical for avoiding walled gardens and enabling open metaverse ecosystems. Important for future tech governance questions.
Which technology optimizes energy consumption in buildings using sensors and AI?
- Smart Grids
- Building Management Systems
- IoT + AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Smart buildings integrate IoT sensors (occupancy, temperature), BMS for HVAC/lighting control, and AI for predictive optimization. Reduces energy waste by 20-40%. Critical for green building and energy efficiency questions.
The digital signature service integrated with Aadhaar for legally valid e-signatures is called ________.
Answer: e-Sign / Aadhaar e-KYC
e-Sign enables Aadhaar-based digital signatures for documents, with legal validity under IT Act. Uses OTP/biometric authentication. Eliminates need for physical signatures in government/business processes. Critical for digital transaction and e-governance questions.
Which security challenge is unique to IoT devices compared to traditional IT systems?
- Phishing Attacks
- Physical Tampering
- SQL Injection
- All of these
Answer: Physical Tampering
IoT devices are often deployed in accessible locations, vulnerable to physical tampering, theft, or environmental attacks. Requires hardware security modules, secure boot, and tamper-evident designs. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.
Generative AI models like GPT can create original text content but may produce factual inaccuracies (hallucinations).
- True
- False
Answer: True
Large Language Models generate plausible text but can 'hallucinate' incorrect facts, especially for niche topics. Mitigation: retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), fact-checking layers, and human oversight. Critical for responsible AI deployment questions.
Which Web3 technology enables decentralized ownership and transfer of digital assets?
- Cloud Storage
- Blockchain/NFTs
- Centralized Databases
- APIs
Answer: Blockchain/NFTs
Blockchain with NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) enables verifiable digital ownership, provenance tracking, and peer-to-peer transfers without intermediaries. Applications: art, gaming, identity, supply chain. Critical for understanding Web3 and digital economy questions.
The economic model that designs waste out of systems and keeps materials in use is called ________ Economy.
Answer: Circular
Circular Economy minimizes waste through: design for durability, reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling. Contrasts with linear 'take-make-dispose' model. India's Circular Economy Roadmap targets resource efficiency. Critical for sustainable development questions.
Which India Stack component provides verified digital documents with legal validity?
- Aadhaar
- UPI
- DigiLocker
- e-Sign
Answer: DigiLocker
DigiLocker enables citizens to store/share government-issued documents (license, certificates) digitally. Documents have legal validity under IT Act. Integrates with Aadhaar for authentication. Critical for paperless governance and digital inclusion questions.
LoRaWAN is a low-power, long-range wireless protocol suitable for battery-operated IoT sensors.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) enables km-range communication with years of battery life. Ideal for smart agriculture, utilities, and asset tracking. Trade-off: low data rate vs long range. Critical for LPWAN technology questions.
Which computer vision task involves identifying and locating objects within images?
- Image Classification
- Object Detection
- Semantic Segmentation
- All of these
Answer: Object Detection
Object Detection identifies AND locates multiple objects with bounding boxes (YOLO, R-CNN). Image Classification assigns single label; Semantic Segmentation labels each pixel. Critical for autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and medical imaging applications.
The next-generation mobile network standard targeting 2030 deployment with terahertz frequencies is called ________.
Answer: 6G
6G research targets: terahertz spectrum (0.1-10 THz), AI-native networks, integrated sensing-communication, and holographic experiences. India's 6G vision document (2023) outlines research priorities. Critical for understanding telecom evolution roadmap questions.
Which technology enables tracking of product carbon footprint across supply chains?
- Blockchain
- IoT Sensors
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon tracking combines: IoT sensors (emission data), blockchain (immutable records), and AI (pattern analysis) for end-to-end footprint visibility. Enables carbon accounting, offset verification, and sustainable sourcing. Critical for ESG and climate governance questions.
India's UPI system has been adopted by countries like Singapore, UAE, and France for cross-border payments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UPI's success led to international linkages: PayNow-UPI (Singapore), UPI-PayNow (UAE), and discussions with France, UK. NPCI International promotes UPI-like systems globally. Represents India's leadership in digital public infrastructure and fintech innovation.
Which edge computing benefit reduces latency for real-time applications?
- Centralized Processing
- Data Processing Near Source
- Cloud-Only Architecture
- Batch Processing
Answer: Data Processing Near Source
Edge computing processes data close to IoT devices/sensors, reducing round-trip latency to cloud. Critical for autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and AR/VR. Complements cloud for hierarchical processing. Key for distributed systems architecture questions.
The AI technique that enables machines to learn from labeled training data is called ________ Learning.
Answer: Supervised
Supervised Learning uses labeled datasets (input-output pairs) to train models for classification or regression. Examples: spam detection, price prediction. Contrasts with unsupervised (pattern discovery) and reinforcement (reward-based) learning. Fundamental for AI/ML exam questions.
Which standard defines decentralized identifiers (DIDs) for self-sovereign digital identity?
- OAuth 2.0
- W3C DID Specification
- SAML
- OpenID Connect
Answer: W3C DID Specification
W3C DID Specification enables users to create/own identifiers without central authorities. DIDs resolve to DID Documents containing public keys and service endpoints. Foundation for portable, privacy-preserving identity in Web3 and metaverse. Critical for digital identity standards questions.
Carbon capture technology can remove CO2 directly from ambient air (Direct Air Capture).
- True
- False
Answer: True
Direct Air Capture (DAC) uses chemical processes to extract CO2 from ambient air for storage or utilization. Complements emission reduction for net-zero goals. India is developing DAC roadmap under National Carbon Capture Program. Critical for climate tech questions.
Which component of India Stack enables consent-based sharing of personal data?
- Aadhaar
- UPI
- Account Aggregator
- DigiLocker
Answer: Account Aggregator
Account Aggregator framework enables consent-based financial data sharing between institutions. Users control data flow via AA apps. Part of India Stack's layered DPI: identity (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), data sharing (AA), documents (DigiLocker). Critical for digital governance questions.
The lightweight messaging protocol designed for IoT devices with limited bandwidth is called ________.
Answer: MQTT
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a publish-subscribe protocol optimized for low-bandwidth, high-latency IoT networks. Uses minimal overhead, supports QoS levels, and works over TCP/IP. Critical for IoT architecture and industrial automation questions.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NLP combines linguistics and AI for tasks: translation, sentiment analysis, chatbots, summarization. Transformer models (BERT, GPT) revolutionized NLP with attention mechanisms. Critical for AI applications in governance, customer service, and accessibility questions.