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The e-Office initiative digitizes file management and workflow in government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Office replaces paper files with digital workflows: creation, routing, approval, archiving. Improves efficiency, transparency, and remote work capability. Part of Digital India's governance transformation.
Which technique enables querying encrypted databases without decrypting the data?
- Searchable Encryption
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Tokenization
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
Searchable Encryption enables keyword search on ciphertext; Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on encrypted data. Both preserve privacy while enabling functionality. Critical for confidential cloud computing questions.
The security model that assumes breach and verifies every request is called ________ Trust.
Answer: Zero
Zero Trust implements: identity verification, least privilege, micro-segmentation, continuous monitoring. Assumes no implicit trust based on network location. Critical for modern security architecture questions.
Which framework provides maturity model for cybersecurity capabilities in critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- C2M2
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: C2M2
C2M2 (Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model) by US DOE assesses/improves cybersecurity in energy, water, and other critical sectors. Adopted globally for infrastructure resilience. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Digital trade agreements increasingly address data flows, privacy, and digital taxation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Modern trade agreements (DEPA, RCEP digital chapters) cover: cross-border data flows, data localization, e-commerce, and digital services taxation. Critical for understanding global digital economy governance.
Which skill is most critical for data scientists to extract insights from unstructured data?
- SQL
- Machine Learning
- Data Visualization
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Data scientists need: ML for modeling, SQL for data access, visualization for communication, plus domain knowledge. India's growing data economy demands multi-skilled professionals. Critical for tech career planning questions.
The architectural style where components communicate via lightweight HTTP APIs is called ________ Architecture.
Answer: Microservices / RESTful
Microservices decompose applications into independent services communicating via REST/HTTP APIs. Enables independent deployment, scaling, and technology diversity. Critical for modern cloud-native development questions.
Which database feature automatically distributes data across multiple nodes for scalability?
- Indexing
- Sharding
- Replication
- Caching
Answer: Sharding
Sharding partitions data horizontally across nodes based on key ranges or hashes, enabling horizontal scaling. Critical for handling large datasets in distributed databases. Trade-offs: cross-shard queries complexity.
5G network slicing enables creation of virtual networks optimized for specific use cases on shared infrastructure.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Network slicing partitions 5G infrastructure into logical networks with customized QoS: low-latency for autonomous vehicles, high-bandwidth for video, massive IoT for sensors. Critical for 5G monetization and industry applications.
Which initiative aims to establish global standards for trustworthy AI development?
- OECD AI Principles
- Paris Agreement
- Basel III
- WTO Rules
Answer: OECD AI Principles
OECD AI Principles (2019) provide values-based guidelines: inclusive growth, human-centered values, transparency, robustness, accountability. Adopted by 40+ countries including India. Critical for AI governance questions.
The certification that validates expertise in ethical hacking and penetration testing is called Certified ________ Hacker.
Answer: Ethical / CEH
CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) by EC-Council validates skills in penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, and security tools. Valued for cybersecurity roles in government and enterprise. Critical for security career questions.
Which pattern isolates failures in microservices to prevent cascading outages?
- Circuit Breaker
- API Gateway
- Service Mesh
- Load Balancer
Answer: Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker stops requests to failing services temporarily, allowing recovery. Prevents cascading failures in distributed systems. Implemented in resilience libraries. Critical for building fault-tolerant architectures.
NewSQL databases combine SQL interface with NoSQL scalability for transactional workloads.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NewSQL (CockroachDB, TiDB) provides ACID transactions, SQL compatibility, and horizontal scaling. Bridges gap between traditional RDBMS and NoSQL. Critical for modern database architecture questions.
Which protocol enables segment routing for traffic engineering in modern networks?
- OSPF
- BGP
- SR-MPLS / SRv6
- RIP
Answer: SR-MPLS / SRv6
Segment Routing (SR-MPLS, SRv6) encodes path instructions in packet headers, enabling flexible traffic engineering without per-flow state. Critical for scalable, programmable networks. Important for advanced networking questions.
The international alliance for developing open 5G/6G standards with interoperable components is called ________ Alliance.
Answer: O-RAN
O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) Alliance promotes open interfaces, virtualization, and AI in mobile networks. Enables multi-vendor interoperability and innovation. India actively participates for strategic autonomy. Critical for telecom policy questions.
Which emerging role focuses on ensuring AI systems are fair, transparent, and accountable?
- Data Engineer
- AI Ethics Officer
- DevOps Engineer
- Cloud Architect
Answer: AI Ethics Officer
AI Ethics Officers govern responsible AI: bias mitigation, explainability, compliance. Growing demand in regulated sectors (finance, healthcare). Critical for emerging tech career questions.
Serverless architecture eliminates the need for developers to manage servers, focusing on code functions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Serverless (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) abstracts infrastructure: auto-scaling, pay-per-execution. Trade-offs: cold starts, vendor lock-in. Critical for cost-optimized cloud development questions.
Which NoSQL database type is best suited for storing hierarchical data like social graphs?
- Key-Value
- Document
- Graph
- Column-Family
Answer: Graph
Graph databases (Neo4j, Amazon Neptune) store nodes/edges for relationships, enabling efficient traversal for social networks, fraud detection, recommendations. Critical for relationship-rich data questions.
The technology that virtualizes network functions like firewalls and routers on commodity hardware is called Network Functions ________.
Answer: Virtualization / NFV
NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) runs network services as software on standard servers, reducing cost and increasing flexibility vs proprietary hardware. Complements SDN for agile networks. Critical for telecom modernization questions.
Which factor is driving semiconductor supply chain diversification globally?
- Geopolitical Risks
- Demand Growth
- Technology Advancement
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Semiconductor diversification driven by: geopolitical tensions (US-China), demand surge (AI, EVs), and tech advancement (smaller nodes). India's semiconductor mission aligns with global reshoring trends. Critical for tech geopolitics questions.