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Which RBI guideline mandates that digital lending apps must be operated only by regulated entities?
- Digital Payments Guidelines
- Digital Lending Guidelines 2022
- NBFC Framework
- P2P Lending Rules
Answer: Digital Lending Guidelines 2022
RBI's Digital Lending Guidelines (2022) require: lending only by regulated entities (banks/NBFCs), direct fund flow between lender and borrower (no third-party pools), standardized key fact statements, cooling-off period, and grievance redressal. Aims to protect consumers from predatory apps, data misuse, and unfair recovery practices.
The 5G feature that allows network resources to be partitioned into multiple virtual networks for different use cases is called network ________.
Answer: Slicing
Network Slicing creates multiple logical networks on shared physical 5G infrastructure, each optimized for specific requirements: ultra-reliable low latency (autonomous vehicles), massive IoT (sensors), enhanced mobile broadband (video). Enables customized QoS, security, and management per slice. Critical for monetizing 5G across industries.
Which logic gate outputs HIGH only when both inputs are HIGH?
- OR
- AND
- XOR
- NAND
Answer: AND
AND gate outputs 1 (HIGH) only when all inputs are 1. Truth table: 0+0→0, 0+1→0, 1+0→0, 1+1→1. Fundamental for digital circuits, arithmetic units, and control logic. NAND/NOR are universal gates (can implement any Boolean function). XOR outputs 1 when inputs differ; useful for parity checks and adders.
Recursion always uses less memory than iteration for solving the same problem.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Recursion typically uses MORE memory due to call stack overhead for each recursive call. Risk of stack overflow for deep recursion. Iteration uses constant memory with loops. However, recursion can simplify code for tree/graph problems, divide-and-conquer algorithms. Tail recursion optimization (in some languages) can mitigate memory issues.
Which Indian government body is responsible for developing standards and guidelines for AI adoption?
- NITI Aayog
- MeitY
- DST
- All of these
Answer: All of these
AI governance in India is multi-stakeholder: NITI Aayog leads strategy (#AIforAll), MeitY handles policy/regulation and DPDP Act, DST funds R&D through NM-ICPS. BIS develops technical standards; CERT-In addresses security. Collaborative approach ensures balanced innovation, ethics, and national interest in AI deployment.
The framework that enables open access to bank transaction data with user consent for financial services is called ________.
Answer: Account Aggregator
Account Aggregator (AA) ecosystem enables consent-based sharing of financial data between institutions. Users control data sharing via AA apps. FIPs (banks, mutual funds) provide data; FIUs (lenders, wealth apps) consume for personalized services. Reduces documentation, speeds up credit decisions, and promotes competition in financial services.
Which technology enables dynamic spectrum sharing between 4G and 5G on same frequency band?
- Carrier Aggregation
- DSS
- MIMO
- Beamforming
Answer: DSS
DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing) allows 4G LTE and 5G NR to coexist on same frequency band by dynamically allocating resources based on real-time demand. Enables faster 5G rollout using existing spectrum without refarming. Trade-off: slight capacity reduction vs accelerated coverage. Key for operators transitioning from 4G to 5G.
Ohm's Law states that current through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ohm's Law: I = V/R, where I=current (Amperes), V=voltage (Volts), R=resistance (Ohms). Fundamental for circuit analysis, component selection, and troubleshooting. Applies to ohmic materials at constant temperature. Non-ohmic devices (diodes, transistors) have non-linear V-I characteristics requiring advanced modeling.
Which loop structure guarantees execution of the loop body at least once?
- for
- while
- do-while
- foreach
Answer: do-while
do-while loop checks condition AFTER executing the body, ensuring at least one iteration. Syntax: do { ... } while(condition);. Useful for menu-driven programs, input validation where first attempt is always needed. while/for check condition BEFORE execution, potentially skipping body entirely if condition initially false.
The concept of ensuring AI systems do not discriminate against individuals based on protected attributes is called AI ________.
Answer: Fairness
AI Fairness addresses bias in data, algorithms, and outcomes that may disadvantage groups based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques: bias detection metrics, debiasing algorithms, diverse training data, and fairness-aware modeling. Critical for ethical deployment in hiring, lending, policing, and public services.
Which technology enables instant verification of bank account details using account number and IFSC?
- Penny Drop
- NEFT Validation
- RTGS Check
- IMPS Confirm
Answer: Penny Drop
Penny Drop verification sends ₹1 to a bank account using account number and IFSC; successful credit confirms account validity and name match. Used for KYC, onboarding, and fraud prevention in fintech. Automated via NPCI's APIs. Faster and more reliable than manual document verification, enhancing user experience and compliance.
VoNR (Voice over New Radio) enables voice calls directly over 5G standalone networks without falling back to 4G.
- True
- False
Answer: True
VoNR allows native voice service on 5G SA (Standalone) core, eliminating need for EPS Fallback to 4G/VoLTE. Benefits: faster call setup, HD+ voice quality, simultaneous voice+data on 5G, and seamless handover. Requires 5G SA network deployment, compatible devices, and IMS integration. Key milestone in 5G maturity.
Which component stores electrical energy in an electric field?
- Resistor
- Inductor
- Capacitor
- Transformer
Answer: Capacitor
Capacitor stores energy in electric field between two conductive plates separated by dielectric. Measured in Farads. Applications: filtering, timing circuits, power factor correction, energy storage. Inductor stores energy in magnetic field; resistor dissipates energy as heat; transformer transfers energy between circuits via electromagnetic induction.
The programming paradigm that treats computation as evaluation of mathematical functions without changing state is called ________ Programming.
Answer: Functional
Functional Programming emphasizes immutability, pure functions (no side effects), and declarative style. Languages: Haskell, Scala, Lisp; features in Python/JavaScript. Benefits: easier testing, parallelization, and reasoning about code. Contrasts with imperative programming that uses mutable state and explicit control flow.
Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI system decisions can be understood and explained to users?
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Transparency
- Privacy
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions are interpretable by humans, enabling trust, debugging, and regulatory compliance. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical in high-stakes domains: healthcare diagnosis, loan approvals, criminal justice. Balances model complexity with interpretability needs.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in India is called e₹ (e-Rupee) and is a digital form of legal tender issued by RBI.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹ (e-Rupee) is India's CBDC, a digital token representing sovereign currency issued by RBI. Two types: retail (e₹-R) for public transactions via wallets, and wholesale (e₹-W) for interbank settlements. Built on distributed ledger technology but centrally managed. Aims to reduce cash dependency, enhance payment efficiency, and foster innovation.
Which spectrum band was first auctioned for 5G services in India?
- 700 MHz
- 3.3-3.67 GHz
- 24.25-28.5 GHz
- All of these
Answer: All of these
India's first 5G spectrum auction (2022) included low-band (700 MHz for coverage), mid-band (3.3-3.67 GHz for capacity/coverage balance), and high-band/mmWave (24.25-28.5 GHz for ultra-high speeds in dense areas). Operators strategically bid based on use cases: rural coverage vs urban capacity vs industrial applications.
The semiconductor device that allows current flow in only one direction is called a ________.
Answer: Diode
Diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device permitting current flow primarily in one direction (forward bias) while blocking reverse current. Applications: rectification (AC to DC), voltage regulation (Zener diode), signal demodulation, and circuit protection. LED is a special diode emitting light when forward-biased.
Which operator is used to check equality of values in most programming languages?
- =
- ==
- ===
- :=
Answer: ==
Double equals (==) checks value equality in C, Java, Python, JavaScript. Single equals (=) is assignment operator. Triple equals (===) in JavaScript checks value AND type equality. := is assignment in Pascal/Go. Understanding operator precedence and type coercion is crucial for writing correct conditional logic in exams and real code.
India's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) focuses exclusively on economic growth and not on social inclusion.
- True
- False
Answer: False
#AIforAll strategy emphasizes inclusive growth across five sectors: healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and mobility. Aims to leverage AI for social empowerment (e.g., AI for farmers, teachers, doctors) alongside economic competitiveness. Establishes responsible AI principles: safety, reliability, inclusivity, and transparency.