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Which traversal method visits the root node before its subtrees in a binary tree?
- Inorder
- Preorder
- Postorder
- Level-order
Answer: Preorder
Preorder traversal: Root → Left Subtree → Right Subtree. Inorder: Left → Root → Right (gives sorted order for BST). Postorder: Left → Right → Root. Level-order uses queue for breadth-first traversal. Tree traversals are frequently tested in SSC JE and programming exams.
JavaScript is primarily executed on the server-side in web applications.
- True
- False
Answer: False
JavaScript was designed for client-side execution in web browsers to enable interactive web pages. Server-side JavaScript (Node.js) is possible but not the primary use case. Understanding client-server architecture is fundamental for web technology questions in SSC and banking exams.
Which Linux command displays real-time system resource usage including CPU and memory?
- ps
- top
- free
- df
Answer: top
top provides dynamic real-time view of running processes, CPU usage, memory consumption, and system load. ps shows snapshot of processes; free displays memory stats; df shows disk space. Essential for system monitoring and troubleshooting in technical exams and real-world administration.
The Indian government scheme promoting electric vehicle adoption through subsidies is called ________.
Answer: FAME
FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) India scheme provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure. FAME-II (2019) focuses on electrification of public transport and shared mobility. Part of India's commitment to reduce carbon emissions and achieve net-zero by 2070.
Which section of the IT Act 2000 deals with punishment for identity theft?
- Section 66
- Section 66C
- Section 66D
- Section 67
Answer: Section 66C
Section 66C prescribes punishment (up to 3 years imprisonment + fine) for identity theft: fraudulently using another person's electronic signature, password, or unique identification feature. Section 66D covers cheating by personation using computer resources. Important for legal awareness in banking and SSC exams.
A binary search tree guarantees O(log n) search time even if elements are inserted in sorted order.
- True
- False
Answer: False
A standard BST degenerates to a linked list (O(n) search) if elements are inserted in sorted order. Balanced BSTs (AVL, Red-Black) maintain O(log n) by self-balancing after insertions/deletions. Understanding tree balancing is crucial for algorithm questions in SSC JE and banking IT exams.
Which CSS property is used to control the spacing between elements' borders?
- padding
- margin
- border-spacing
- gap
Answer: margin
Margin creates space outside an element's border, separating it from neighboring elements. Padding creates space inside the border (between content and border). Border-spacing applies to table cells. Gap is used in flexbox/grid layouts. Fundamental CSS concept for web development questions.
The Linux command used to change file permissions is ________.
Answer: chmod
chmod (change mode) modifies file/directory permissions in Linux using symbolic (u+rwx) or octal (755) notation. Permissions control read (r), write (w), and execute (x) access for owner, group, and others. Critical for system security and frequently tested in technical government exams.
Which technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials?
- Solar Thermal
- Photovoltaic
- Wind Turbine
- Biomass
Answer: Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic (PV) cells use semiconductor materials (typically silicon) to convert photons from sunlight directly into electrical current via the photovoltaic effect. Solar thermal uses heat to generate steam for turbines. PV is the technology behind solar panels widely promoted under India's National Solar Mission.
Section 66A of the IT Act 2000, which dealt with offensive online messages, is currently enforceable in India.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Section 66A was struck down by the Supreme Court in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) for violating freedom of speech. It criminalized 'offensive' online content but was overly broad. Current IT Act provisions focus on cybercrime, data protection, and intermediary liability. Important for legal awareness in government exams.
Which data structure is most efficient for implementing a cache with LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy?
- Array
- Linked List
- Hash Map + Doubly Linked List
- Stack
Answer: Hash Map + Doubly Linked List
LRU cache requires O(1) access and O(1) reorder on access. Hash map provides O(1) key lookup; doubly linked list maintains usage order with O(1) move-to-front. Combined, they achieve O(1) get/put operations. Classic system design question for SSC JE and banking IT exams.
The HTML tag used to create a hyperlink is ________.
Answer: <a>
The anchor tag <a> with href attribute creates hyperlinks in HTML. Example: <a href='https://example.com'>Link</a>. Fundamental for web development basics tested in SSC and Railway exams. Other tags: <img> for images, <p> for paragraphs, <div> for containers.
In Linux, the root user has unrestricted access to all files and commands on the system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Root (superuser) in Linux has UID 0 and bypasses all permission checks, allowing full system control. This power requires careful usage to avoid security risks. Best practice: use sudo for specific administrative tasks instead of logging in as root. Critical concept for system administration questions in technical exams.
Which Linux command is used to display the current working directory?
- ls
- cd
- pwd
- dir
Answer: pwd
pwd (print working directory) displays the absolute path of the current directory in Linux/Unix systems. ls lists directory contents, cd changes directory, and dir is a Windows command. Essential for navigation and scripting in command-line environments frequently tested in SSC JE and Railway exams.
Which Indian initiative promotes responsible AI innovation through multi-stakeholder collaboration?
- Responsible AI for Social Empowerment (RAISE)
- Digital India Bhashini
- National AI Portal
- All of these
Answer: All of these
India's AI ecosystem includes: RAISE summit for global dialogue on ethical AI, Bhashini for inclusive AI in Indian languages, National AI Portal (by MeitY & NASSCOM) for resources and collaboration. Supported by research centers (C3i, T-Hub), industry partnerships, and policy frameworks. Aims to balance innovation with ethics, inclusion, and national interest.
InsurTech startups in India can directly underwrite insurance policies without IRDAI registration.
- True
- False
Answer: False
IRDAI regulations require any entity underwriting insurance policies to be a registered insurer or corporate agent. InsurTech startups typically partner with licensed insurers as technology providers, aggregators, or distribution partners. Regulatory sandbox allows testing innovations, but core risk-bearing activities remain with regulated entities to protect policyholders.
Which spectrum auction method allows bidders to bid on multiple frequency blocks simultaneously?
- Sealed Bid
- English Auction
- Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction
- Dutch Auction
Answer: Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction
SMRA (Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction) allows bidders to bid on multiple spectrum lots across bands in multiple rounds, with prices rising based on demand. Used in India's 2G/3G/4G/5G auctions. Promotes price discovery, reduces exposure risk (bidding on complementary blocks), and enhances efficiency vs sequential auctions.
The frequency at which a crystal oscillator resonates is determined by its physical ________ and cut.
Answer: dimensions
Crystal oscillators use piezoelectric quartz crystals whose resonant frequency depends on physical dimensions (thickness, shape) and crystal cut (AT, BT, SC). Thinner crystals resonate at higher frequencies. Used for precise clock generation in microcontrollers, communication systems, and digital circuits. Temperature-compensated (TCXO) and oven-controlled (OCXO) variants improve stability.
Which operator is used to access members of a structure through a pointer in C?
- .
- ->
- ::
- *
Answer: ->
Arrow operator (->) accesses structure members via pointer: ptr->member equivalent to (*ptr).member. Dot operator (.) is for direct structure variables. Understanding pointer arithmetic and memory layout is crucial for systems programming, embedded development, and technical exams. Common source of segmentation faults if misused.
The concept of 'algorithmic accountability' requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI systems: documenting data sources, model design, testing results, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act, sectoral guidelines, and global frameworks. Critical for high-stakes AI in finance, healthcare, and governance where decisions impact rights and opportunities.