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Answer: Liquid Propulsion System Project
LPSC evolved from LPSP established in 1980s for Vikas engine development; renamed LPSC in 1990s integrating liquid/cryogenic stage responsibilities.
Answer: 20
NavIC SPS provides <20 m horizontal accuracy over India and surrounding regions; encrypted Restricted Service offers higher precision for authorized users.
Answer: Sriharikota High Altitude Range
SHAR was renamed Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in 2002 honoring former ISRO chairman; SHAR acronym still appears in technical documentation.
Answer: Vienna
UNOOSA at Vienna International Centre promotes international cooperation in peaceful space use, maintaining registry of launched objects.
Answer: 1962
INCOSPAR was formed in 1962 within DAE, laying groundwork for ISRO's establishment in 1969; it initiated sounding rocket launches from Thumba.
Answer: Equator
Geostationary anchor point requires equatorial location; centrifugal force balances gravity along tether, enabling climber ascent without rockets.
Answer: Medium X-ray (8-30 keV)
POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) covers 8-30 keV, complementing AstroSat's CZTI and IXPE's soft band, studying accretion geometry.
Answer: 3-4
LSST's wide-field camera images 20,000 deg² every 3-4 nights, detecting transients, moving objects, and dark matter via weak lensing.
Answer: 2024
SSLV-D3 achieved success on Aug 16, 2024, deploying EOS-08 and SR-0 demosat, validating SSLV operational capability after prior failures.
Answer: Star catalogue
Star trackers image star fields, compare centroids to stored catalogue entries, computing quaternion attitude with arcsecond accuracy.
Answer: Space situational
NETRA (Network for Space Object Tracking and Analysis) monitors debris/threats to Indian satellites, integrating radar/optical sensors nationwide.
Answer: 1.8 billion
Gaia Data Release 3 provides positions, parallaxes, and motions for ~1.8 billion sources, revolutionizing galactic archaeology and stellar physics.
Answer: 2035
India aims to establish a modular space station by 2035, following Gaganyaan missions, supporting microgravity research and technology demonstration.
Answer: Angular
Accelerating/decelerating reaction wheels transfers angular momentum to/from spacecraft body, enabling precise pointing without propellant expenditure.
Answer: 2016
IRNSS was officially renamed NavIC ('Navigation with Indian Constellation') in April 2016 by PM Modi, emphasizing indigenous capability.
Answer: Uttarakhand
The 3.6m DOT at Devasthal, Uttarakhand, operated by ARIES, is India's largest optical telescope, supporting exoplanet and transient astronomy.
Answer: Redundancy and safety
HLVM3 features triple-redundant avionics, enhanced fault detection, and crew escape integration, meeting stringent human-rating standards.
Answer: Tape-spring
Tape-spring hinges provide reliable deployment without motors/latches, reducing mass/volume for large solar arrays on GEO and deep space missions.
Answer: Gandhinagar
NCSAI in Gandhinagar will integrate space applications with informatics for governance, disaster management, and resource planning.
Answer: Rubidium atomic clocks
All three Rubidium clocks on IRNSS-1A failed in 2016-17, degrading positioning accuracy; NVS-01 launched May 2023 with indigenous clocks as replacement.