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Generate QuizSpace – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions
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The Chandrayaan-4 lunar sample return mission is currently planned for launch in _______ timeframe.
- 2025-26
- 2027-28
- 2030-31
- 2035+
Answer: 2027-28
Chandrayaan-4 aims to collect ~2-3 kg lunar regolith from south pole region and return to Earth; complex multi-module mission targeting late 2020s window.
Rotovators are rotating tethers that exchange momentum with payloads to enable propellantless _______ transfer.
- Interplanetary
- Orbit-to-surface/orbit
- Interstellar
- Lunar-Earth
Answer: Orbit-to-surface/orbit
Rotating tether catches/releases payloads at periapsis/apoapsis transferring orbital energy; enables access to LEO/GEO/lunar surface without rockets.
Deep Space Network (DSN) complexes are spaced approximately _______ degrees longitude apart for continuous coverage.
- 60
- 90
- 120
- 180
Answer: 120
Three DSN sites (Goldstone/Madrid/Canberra) at ~120° spacing ensure at least one complex maintains link with deep space probes as Earth rotates.
The Space Kidz India student experiment flew aboard PSLV-C53 POEM platform studying _______ in microgravity.
- Plant growth
- Crystal formation
- Fluid dynamics
- Combustion
Answer: Crystal formation
Student payloads on POEM leverage spent PS4 stage for affordable microgravity research; crystal growth experiments inform pharmaceutical/materials science.
Green monopropellants like AF-M315E replace hydrazine offering higher performance and reduced _______.
- density
- toxicity/handling hazards
- specific impulse
- storage temperature
Answer: toxicity/handling hazards
Hydroxylammonium nitrate-based propellants eliminate carcinogenic hydrazine handling risks while delivering ~10% higher Isp; adopted in GPIM/ESCAPADE missions.
MEMS gyroscopes are increasingly replacing fiber-optic gyros for small satellite attitude determination due to lower _______.
- accuracy
- cost and mass
- reliability
- power consumption
Answer: cost and mass
Micro-electromechanical systems gyros offer adequate performance for CubeSat/nanosat ADCS at fraction of FOG cost/mass; commercial availability enables proliferation.
The Indian Space Situational Assessment Report (ISSAR) is published annually by _______.
- IN-SPAC
- NETRA/ISTRAC
- DOS
- MEA
Answer: NETRA/ISTRAC
ISSAR documents space object cataloguing, conjunction assessments, and debris environment trends; released by ISRO SSA control centre.
Electroforming nickel shells are used to manufacture lightweight _______ for X-ray telescopes.
- Mirrors
- Detectors
- Filters
- Collimators
Answer: Mirrors
Nickel electroformed mirror shells replicated from mandrels enable nested Wolter-I optics for focusing grazing-incidence X-rays; used in XMM-Newton/eROSITA.
Disposal orbits for GEO satellites require minimum ΔV of _______ m/s to raise perigee above protected region.
- 10
- 50
- 150
- 500
Answer: 150
GEO disposal requires raising perigee ≥300 km above GEO belt (~150 m/s ΔV) to prevent collision risk; mandated by IADC guidelines.
The Indian Human Spaceflight Programme office coordinating Gaganyaan is designated as _______.
- HSFC
- HSPC
- IHSP
- Gaganyaan Directorate
Answer: HSFC
Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) Bengaluru manages astronaut selection/training, crew systems, and mission integration for Gaganyaan.
Canadarm3 will serve as external robotic system for the _______ space station.
- ISS
- Tiangong
- Lunar Gateway
- Bhartiya Antariksh Station
Answer: Lunar Gateway
Canadarm3 provides autonomous external robotics for Gateway assembly/maintenance; features AI-enhanced dexterity for uncrewed operations in cislunar space.
Inflatable aeroshell decelerators increase drag area during entry to reduce peak heating for _______ payloads.
- Small CubeSats only
- Heavy/large-volume
- Nuclear-powered
- Solar sail
Answer: Heavy/large-volume
Deployable/inflatable heat shields enable delivery of massive payloads to Mars/Venus where rigid aeroshells are volume/mass constrained; tested in LOFTID/IRVE missions.
The Space Physics Laboratory (SPL) conducting upper atmospheric research is located in _______.
- Thiruvananthapuram
- Tirupati
- Gadanki
- Bengaluru
Answer: Thiruvananthapuram
SPL at VSSC Thiruvananthapuram studies ionosphere/thermosphere using ground-based instruments and satellite data, supporting space weather forecasting.
Honeycomb sandwich panels are widely used in spacecraft structures for their high _______ ratio.
- thermal conductivity
- stiffness-to-weight
- electrical conductivity
- radiation shielding
Answer: stiffness-to-weight
Aluminum/Nomex honeycomb cores bonded to face sheets provide exceptional bending stiffness at minimal mass, ideal for satellite bus and payload panels.
ISRO's Telemetry Tracking Command Network (ISTRAC) headquarters is located in _______.
- Sriharikota
- Bengaluru
- Thiruvananthapuram
- Lucknow
Answer: Bengaluru
ISTRAC HQ in Bengaluru coordinates global network of ground stations supporting LEO/GEO/deep space missions with real-time TT&C services.
The Semi-Cryogenic Engine SCE-200 being developed for NGLV uses _______ cycle.
- Gas generator
- Staged combustion
- Expander
- Pressure-fed
Answer: Staged combustion
SCE-200 employs oxygen-rich staged combustion cycle burning kerosene/LOX, delivering 200-ton thrust class performance for future heavy-lift vehicles.
Friction stir welding is preferred for aluminum-lithium alloy rocket tanks because it produces _______ joints than fusion welding.
- weaker
- stronger and defect-free
- heavier
- more porous
Answer: stronger and defect-free
FSW solid-state process avoids melting/solidification defects, yielding superior mechanical properties for cryogenic tank structures in PSLV/GSLV/LVM3.
India's upcoming National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) will be built at _______ in Ladakh.
- Leh
- Hanle
- Kargil
- Drass
Answer: Hanle
NLST at Hanle (4500 m altitude) will be world's largest off-axis solar telescope (2 m aperture), studying solar magnetic fields and transient phenomena.
The INSAT-3DS meteorological satellite was launched in February 2024 aboard _______.
- PSLV-C58
- LVM3-M4
- GSLV-F14
- SSLV-D3
Answer: GSLV-F14
GSLV-F14 successfully deployed INSAT-3DS on Feb 17, 2024, enhancing weather forecasting and disaster warning capabilities over Indian Ocean Region.
The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) includes _______ member agencies including ISRO.
- 5
- 10
- 13
- 20
Answer: 13
IADC comprises 13 national/international space agencies coordinating debris mitigation standards; ISRO joined in 2000s contributing tracking data.