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The partition of Bengal in 1905 was annulled in the year ______.
Answer: 1911
The partition of Bengal (1905) sparked the Swadeshi Movement. Due to widespread protests, Lord Hardinge annulled the partition in 1911 and shifted the capital from Calcutta to Delhi. [[30]]
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885 in Bombay by A.O. Hume, with W.C. Banerjee as its first president. It initially sought reforms within the British framework. [[1]]
Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British House of Commons?
- Surendranath Banerjee
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- W.C. Banerjee
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji was elected as a Liberal Party MP from Finsbury Central (London) in 1892. He used this platform to highlight India's economic exploitation under British rule. [[30]]
The Revolt of 1857 was the first major armed resistance against British rule in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Though there were earlier tribal and peasant uprisings, the Revolt of 1857 was the first large-scale, coordinated armed resistance involving sepoys, peasants, and rulers across North and Central India. [[1]]
Who was the Mughal emperor proclaimed as the leader of the 1857 Revolt in Delhi?
- Bahadur Shah Zafar
- Akbar Shah II
- Shah Alam II
- Jahandar Shah
Answer: Bahadur Shah Zafar
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, was proclaimed the symbolic leader of the revolt in Delhi. After the British recaptured Delhi, he was exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862. [[30]]
Rani Lakshmibai of ______ was a prominent leader of the 1857 Revolt.
Answer: Jhansi
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi led her forces against the British during the 1857 Revolt. She became a symbol of resistance and patriotism, famously declaring 'Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi' (I will not give up my Jhansi). [[1]]
Mangal Pandey was hanged for attacking British officers in Barrackpore in 1857.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mangal Pandey, a sepoy of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, attacked British officers in Barrackpore on March 29, 1857, protesting the new cartridges. He was hanged on April 8, 1857, becoming a martyr of the revolt. [[30]]
The Revolt of 1857 started from which city?
- Delhi
- Meerut
- Kanpur
- Lucknow
Answer: Meerut
The Revolt of 1857 began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, when Indian sepoys refused to use the new Enfield rifle cartridges. It quickly spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, and other parts of North India. [[1]]
The construction of railways in India primarily served British commercial and military interests.
- True
- False
Answer: True
While railways facilitated movement of people and goods, their primary purpose was to transport raw materials to ports for export to Britain and move troops quickly to suppress rebellions. [[30]]
Which commission was appointed to inquire into the economic conditions of India in 1880?
- Hunter Commission
- Famine Commission
- Welby Commission
- Royal Commission on Agriculture
Answer: Famine Commission
The Famine Commission (1880) under Richard Strachey was appointed after the devastating famines of 1876-78. It recommended measures for famine relief and prevention, though implementation was inadequate. [[1]]
The first cotton textile mill in India was established at ______ in 1854.
Answer: Bombay
The first successful cotton textile mill in India was established by Kawasji Davar in Bombay in 1854. It marked the beginning of modern industrialization in India under British rule. [[30]]
The British deindustrialized India by destroying its traditional handicraft industries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
British policies favored import of manufactured goods from Britain and export of raw materials from India. This led to the decline of India's renowned textile and handicraft industries, causing unemployment and poverty. [[1]]
The 'Drain of Wealth' theory was propounded by:
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- R.C. Dutt
- M.G. Ranade
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the 'Drain of Wealth' theory in his book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901), arguing that Britain systematically drained India's resources, causing poverty. [[30]]
The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) was passed in 1929.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) of 1929 set the minimum age of marriage at 14 for girls and 18 for boys. It was a significant step against child marriage in colonial India. [[1]]
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897?
- Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
- Swami Vivekananda
- Sri Aurobindo
- Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 to propagate Vedanta philosophy and engage in social service. It was inspired by his guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. [[30]]
The practice of Sati was abolished by Lord ______ in 1829.
Answer: William Bentinck
Lord William Bentinck, with support from Raja Ram Mohan Roy, abolished Sati through Regulation XVII of 1829, prohibiting the immolation of widows on their husbands' funeral pyres. [[1]]
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar played a key role in legalizing widow remarriage in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar campaigned vigorously for widow remarriage. His efforts led to the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, which legalized remarriage of Hindu widows. [[30]]
Who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875?
- Swami Vivekananda
- Dayanand Saraswati
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: Dayanand Saraswati
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875. It promoted Vedic values, opposed idol worship, caste discrimination, and advocated for women's education and widow remarriage. [[1]]
Under the Ryotwari System, the government could revise revenue rates periodically.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Unlike the Permanent Settlement, the Ryotwari System allowed the government to revise revenue rates every 20-30 years based on land productivity, giving the state more flexibility but creating uncertainty for peasants. [[30]]
Which system led to the emergence of a class of absentee landlords in Bengal?
- Ryotwari
- Mahalwari
- Permanent Settlement
- Temporary Settlement
Answer: Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement created a class of zamindars who often lived in cities and collected rent from peasants without investing in agriculture, leading to rural impoverishment and absentee landlordism. [[1]]