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The Treaty of ______ (1763) ended the Third Carnatic War and restored French trading posts in India.
Answer: Paris
The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the Seven Years' War globally and the Third Carnatic War in India. France regained its trading posts but agreed not to fortify them, effectively ending French political ambitions in India. [[30]]
The Battle of Plassey (1757) was part of the Third Carnatic War.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The Battle of Plassey (1757) occurred after the Carnatic Wars. The Third Carnatic War (1756-63) ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which confirmed British supremacy over the French in India. [[1]]
The First Carnatic War (1746-48) was an extension of which European conflict?
- Seven Years' War
- War of Austrian Succession
- Napoleonic Wars
- War of Spanish Succession
Answer: War of Austrian Succession
The First Carnatic War (1746-48) was the Indian theatre of the War of Austrian Succession (1740-48) in Europe. It saw French forces under Dupleix capture Madras from the British. [[30]]
The British East India Company was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Queen Elizabeth I granted a royal charter to the British East India Company on December 31, 1600, giving it a monopoly on English trade with the East Indies for 15 years. [[1]]
The French East India Company was founded during the reign of:
- Louis XIII
- Louis XIV
- Louis XV
- Napoleon Bonaparte
Answer: Louis XIV
The French East India Company was founded in 1664 during the reign of Louis XIV, under the guidance of Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert. Pondicherry became their main settlement in India. [[30]]
The Dutch East India Company established its first factory in India at ______.
Answer: Masulipatnam
The Dutch established their first factory at Masulipatnam (Andhra Pradesh) in 1605. They later set up centers at Pulicat, Nagapattinam, and Chinsurah, focusing on spice and textile trade. [[1]]
The Portuguese established their first factory in India at Calicut.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Though Vasco da Gama first landed at Calicut (1498), the Portuguese established their first factory at Cochin (Kochi) in 1503. Calicut's Zamorin was hostile to Portuguese trade ambitions. [[30]]
Who was the first European to reach India by sea?
- Christopher Columbus
- Vasco da Gama
- Bartholomew Dias
- Albuquerque
Answer: Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama reached Calicut (Kozhikode) on May 20, 1498, becoming the first European to reach India by sea via the Cape of Good Hope. This opened direct maritime trade between Europe and India. [[1]]
The Sikh Empire was established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1799.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore in 1799 and established the Sikh Empire. He unified the Misls, modernized the army, and ruled with religious tolerance until his death in 1839. [[1]]
Which Mughal emperor executed Guru Tegh Bahadur?
- Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb
- Jahangir
- Bahadur Shah I
Answer: Aurangzeb
Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Aurangzeb in 1675 for refusing to convert to Islam and for defending the religious freedom of Kashmiri Pandits. His martyrdom is commemorated at Gurdwara Sis Ganj in Delhi. [[30]]
The Golden Temple is located in ______.
Answer: Amritsar
The Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine of Sikhism. Built by Guru Ram Das and completed by Guru Arjan Dev, it symbolizes openness with doors on all four sides. [[1]]
Guru Arjan Dev compiled the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606) compiled the Adi Granth (later Guru Granth Sahib) in 1604, installing it at the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar. He was the first Sikh Guru to be martyred. [[30]]
Who founded the Khalsa Panth?
- Guru Nanak
- Guru Gobind Singh
- Guru Arjan
- Guru Tegh Bahadur
Answer: Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth on Vaisakhi day (March 30, 1699) at Anandpur Sahib. He initiated the Five Ks and established the Khalsa as a community of saint-soldiers. [[1]]
The Ashta Pradhan was the council of eight ministers in Shivaji's administration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Shivaji established the Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight) to administer his kingdom. Key positions included Peshwa (Prime Minister), Amatya (Finance), and Senapati (Commander-in-Chief). [[1]]
Who was the Peshwa during the peak of Maratha power?
- Balaji Vishwanath
- Bajirao I
- Nana Saheb
- Madhavrao I
Answer: Bajirao I
Bajirao I (1720-1740) served as Peshwa under Chhatrapati Shahu. He expanded Maratha territory from Malwa to Delhi through brilliant military campaigns, earning the title 'Thorale Bajirao' (the great). [[30]]
Shivaji was crowned as Chhatrapati at ______ in 1674.
Answer: Raigad
Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati (sovereign) at Raigad Fort on June 6, 1674, in a grand ceremony officiated by Gaga Bhatt. This marked the formal establishment of the Maratha Kingdom. [[1]]
The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) saw the Maratha forces led by Sadashiv Rao Bhau defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali's Afghan army. This halted Maratha expansion northward and weakened their power. [[30]]
Who founded the Maratha Empire?
- Shivaji
- Sambhaji
- Bajirao I
- Balaji Vishwanath
Answer: Shivaji
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha Empire in 1674 with his coronation at Raigad. He pioneered guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava) and established a well-organized administration. [[1]]
The 'Zabt' system of land revenue assessment was introduced by:
- Sher Shah Suri
- Akbar
- Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb
Answer: Akbar
Akbar's finance minister Raja Todar Mal introduced the Zabt system, which fixed revenue based on land measurement and average produce of 10 years. It was part of the Dahsala system implemented across the empire. [[30]]
The city of Fatehpur Sikri was built by Emperor ______ as his capital.
Answer: Akbar
Akbar founded Fatehpur Sikri in 1571 near Agra as his capital. It houses architectural marvels like Buland Darwaza, Panch Mahal, and Jama Masjid. The city was abandoned due to water scarcity. [[1]]