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The framework for interoperable digital identity is called W3C ________.
Answer: DID
W3C DID enables users to create/own identifiers without central authorities.
ISO/IEC 27001 provides requirements for information security management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ISO/IEC 27001 specifies ISMS requirements: risk assessment, controls.
Which organization develops global web standards?
- W3C
- IETF
- ISO
- IEEE
Answer: W3C
World Wide Web Consortium develops web standards ensuring interoperability.
The platform for verified digital document storage is called ________.
Answer: DigiLocker
DigiLocker enables citizens to store/share government-issued documents digitally.
DigiLocker documents have legal validity under the IT Act.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Documents issued through DigiLocker are legally valid under IT Act, 2000.
Which platform enables citizens to access government services via mobile?
- UMANG
- MyGov
- DigiLocker
- e-Taal
Answer: UMANG
UMANG offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health.
The practice of versioning datasets and models is called ________ Management.
Answer: Artifact
Artifact management tracks datasets, model versions, hyperparameters.
Feature stores enable consistent feature computation across pipelines.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Feature stores manage feature engineering, versioning, serving.
Which practice ensures ML models are continuously monitored in production?
- CI/CD
- Model Drift Detection
- A/B Testing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
MLOps combines CI/CD, drift detection, A/B testing for production ML.
The technique that enables LLMs to execute code is called ________ Calling.
Answer: Function
Function calling enables LLMs to invoke APIs, run code, query databases.
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning reduces compute costs for adapting large models.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PEFT methods update small subset of parameters, reducing compute/memory.
Which method reduces LLM hallucinations by grounding responses in external knowledge?
- Fine-tuning
- RAG
- Prompt Engineering
- All of these
Answer: RAG
Retrieval-Augmented Generation combines LLMs with external knowledge retrieval.
The technique that enables LLMs to reason step-by-step is called Chain-of-________.
Answer: Thought
Chain-of-Thought prompting encourages LLMs to generate reasoning steps.
The technique that groups similar data points without labels is called ________.
Answer: Clustering
Clustering discovers natural groupings in unlabeled data.
Feature engineering creates new input variables to improve model performance.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Feature engineering: domain knowledge, transformations, interactions, encoding.
Which technique enables prediction of future values based on historical data?
- Regression
- Classification
- Time Series Forecasting
- Clustering
Answer: Time Series Forecasting
Time series forecasting models temporal patterns for demand prediction, anomaly detection.
The technology that enables querying data in object storage is called ________ Query.
Answer: Serverless
Serverless query engines enable SQL queries on object storage using schema-on-read.
Data lakes store raw data while data warehouses store structured data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data lakes store raw structured/unstructured data; warehouses store curated data.
Which storage format is optimized for analytics workloads?
- CSV
- JSON
- Parquet
- Avro
Answer: Parquet
Parquet is columnar storage format optimized for analytics: compression, predicate pushdown.
The pattern of processing data as it arrives is called ________ Processing.
Answer: Stream
Stream processing handles continuous data flows for real-time insights.