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Generate QuizTechnology – Hard Level – GK Questions
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The AI approach where systems learn by trial and error using rewards and penalties is called ________ Learning.
- Quantum
- Reinforcement
- Microservices / RESTful
- Inversion
Answer: Reinforcement
Reinforcement Learning (RL) trains agents to make sequential decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving rewards/penalties. Used in robotics, game playing (AlphaGo), autonomous vehicles, and resource optimization. Differs from supervised learning (labeled data) and unsupervised learning (pattern discovery).
Which attack exploits the trust relationship between a website and a user's browser to perform unauthorized actions?
- XSS
- CSRF
- Clickjacking
- Session Hijacking
Answer: CSRF
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) tricks authenticated users into executing unwanted actions on a web application where they're logged in. Attacker exploits trust between browser and site. Prevention: anti-CSRF tokens, SameSite cookies, checking referrer headers. Distinct from XSS which injects malicious scripts.
The ethical framework addressing fairness, accountability, and transparency in AI systems is called ________ AI.
- Model
- FATF / Financial Action Task Force
- Make
- Responsible
Answer: Responsible
Responsible AI encompasses principles and practices to ensure AI systems are developed and deployed ethically: fairness (avoiding bias), accountability (clear responsibility), transparency (explainable decisions), privacy protection, and human oversight. India's AI strategy emphasizes Responsible AI for inclusive growth.
Which ISRO mission demonstrated spacecraft docking technology in Earth orbit?
- SPADEX
- Gaganyaan-1
- Aditya-L2
- NISAR
Answer: SPADEX
SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) is ISRO's technology demonstrator mission to master orbital docking/undocking, critical for future space station modules, satellite servicing, and human spaceflight. Successful docking enables complex missions requiring spacecraft to connect and transfer resources in orbit.
Quantum computers can break all existing encryption algorithms instantly.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Quantum computers threaten asymmetric algorithms like RSA and ECC using Shor's algorithm, but not all encryption. Symmetric algorithms (AES) require larger key sizes for quantum resistance. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is being standardized by NIST. Practical large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking encryption are still years away.
Which quantum algorithm provides quadratic speedup for searching unstructured databases?
- Shor's Algorithm
- Grover's Algorithm
- Quantum Fourier Transform
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Grover's Algorithm
Grover's Algorithm searches an unsorted database of N items in O(√N) queries vs O(N) classically. Applications: optimization, cryptography, and machine learning. Less dramatic than Shor's exponential speedup but broadly applicable. Requires coherent quantum operations; noise limits practical advantage on NISQ devices.
Which 3D printing technology is best suited for creating multi-material, full-color prototypes?
- FDM
- SLS
- PolyJet
- Binder Jetting
Answer: PolyJet
PolyJet jets photopolymer materials and cures with UV light, enabling multi-material, multi-color printing in a single job with fine detail and smooth surfaces. Used for realistic prototypes, medical models, and consumer product design. More expensive than FDM/SLS but offers superior aesthetics and material combinations.
The phenomenon where measuring a quantum system disturbs its state is called the ________ Principle.
- Purpose
- Thought
- Common
- Uncertainty / Observer
Answer: Uncertainty / Observer
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that certain pairs of properties (position/momentum) cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision. In quantum computing, measurement collapses superposition to a definite state, limiting information extraction. Critical for understanding quantum measurement and algorithm design.
Quantum supremacy means quantum computers can solve all problems faster than classical computers.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Quantum supremacy (demonstrated by Google in 2019) means a quantum computer solved a specific, contrived problem faster than the best classical supercomputer. It does NOT mean quantum computers are universally superior. Most practical problems still favor classical computers. Quantum advantage (practical usefulness) remains a research goal.
The quantum algorithm that can factor large integers exponentially faster than classical algorithms is ________ Algorithm.
- Shor's
- Chandrayaan
- Second
- Gaganyaan
Answer: Shor's
Shor's Algorithm (1994) factors integers in polynomial time on a quantum computer, threatening RSA encryption which relies on factoring difficulty. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available. Grover's Algorithm provides quadratic speedup for unstructured search. Critical for cryptography and quantum advantage questions.
Which technology combination is foundational for creating immersive metaverse experiences?
- VR + AR + Blockchain + AI
- Only VR
- Only AR
- Cloud Computing alone
Answer: VR + AR + Blockchain + AI
Metaverse integrates: VR/AR for immersive interfaces, blockchain for digital ownership (NFTs) and economy, AI for intelligent agents and content generation, and cloud/edge for scalable infrastructure. No single technology suffices; convergence enables persistent, interoperable virtual worlds. Emerging topic for future tech questions.
Which property of quantum bits (qubits) allows them to exist in multiple states simultaneously?
- Entanglement
- Superposition
- Interference
- Decoherence
Answer: Superposition
Superposition enables qubits to represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously, unlike classical bits. This parallelism allows quantum computers to process vast solution spaces exponentially faster for specific problems like factoring, optimization, and simulation. Entanglement correlates qubit states; interference amplifies correct answers; decoherence is error from environmental noise.
Which indigenous electronic warfare suite is integrated with Tejas fighter aircraft?
- EWSS
- Uttam
- Shakti
- Mayavi
Answer: EWSS
EWSS (Electronic Warfare Support Suite) developed by DRDO provides radar warning, jamming, and countermeasures for Tejas. Enhances survivability in contested airspace. Represents self-reliance in critical avionics. Important for defense technology indigenization questions.
The indigenous beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by DRDO is called ________.
- Middle
- Fourth
- Astra
- Digital Personal Data Protection / DPDP
Answer: Astra
Astra is India's first indigenous BVRAAM with 110 km range, active radar homing, and all-weather capability. Integrated with Su-30MKI and Tejas. Represents milestone in self-reliance in critical missile technologies. Mk2 variant under development with longer range and advanced seekers. Critical for defense indigenization questions.
Which Indian SaaS startup became the first to cross $10 billion valuation?
- Zoho
- Freshworks
- Postman
- BrowserStack
Answer: Freshworks
Freshworks (customer engagement software) achieved $10B+ valuation during its 2021 NASDAQ IPO. Founded in Chennai, it serves global enterprises with AI-powered SaaS solutions. Represents India's strength in B2B software and global competitiveness. Important for economy and entrepreneurship questions.
The indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant uses ________ propulsion system.
- Differential Privacy / DP
- Digital Personal Data Protection / DPDP
- Combined Gas and Gas (COGAG)
- -a
Answer: Combined Gas and Gas (COGAG)
INS Vikrant uses COGAG propulsion with four gas turbines (two for cruise, two for boost) driving two shafts. Provides flexibility, efficiency, and redundancy. Indigenous design and construction represent milestone in Atmanirbhar Bharat. Critical for defense technology and indigenization questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 applies to processing of personal data outside India if it involves profiling of individuals in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act has extraterritorial application: it governs processing of digital personal data (1) within India, and (2) outside India if it relates to offering goods/services or profiling individuals in India. Aligns with GDPR's approach. Critical for multinational compliance and data sovereignty questions.
Which algorithm is used to find the shortest path in a graph with non-negative edge weights?
- Bellman-Ford
- Dijkstra
- Floyd-Warshall
- Kruskal
Answer: Dijkstra
Dijkstra's algorithm finds shortest paths from a source node to all others in graphs with non-negative weights using a priority queue (O((V+E)log V)). Bellman-Ford handles negative weights; Floyd-Warshall finds all-pairs shortest paths; Kruskal is for minimum spanning tree. Classic graph algorithm for technical exams.
Which CERT-In direction mandates VPN service providers to maintain user logs for 180 days?
- Direction 12
- Direction 20
- Direction 44
- Direction 66
Answer: Direction 20
CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) requires service providers including VPNs to maintain logs of customer registration and usage for 180 days, report cyber incidents within 6 hours, and synchronize with NTP. Aimed at enhancing incident response and law enforcement capabilities. Important for cybersecurity compliance questions.
The minimum number of nodes in a binary tree of height h is ________.
- h+1
- qXR / CAD4TB
- Platform
- Parameter
Answer: h+1
Minimum nodes occur in a skewed tree (each node has only one child): height h has h+1 nodes. Maximum nodes in a perfect binary tree of height h is 2^(h+1)-1. Understanding tree properties is essential for algorithm analysis questions in technical government exams.