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The DPDP Act 2023 requires automated decision-making systems to provide explanations for significant decisions affecting individuals.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act mandates transparency in automated decisions: individuals have right to explanation for decisions affecting rights, benefits, or obligations. Aligns with global standards like GDPR Article 22.
Which technique helps explain AI model predictions to non-technical stakeholders?
- Feature Importance
- LIME/SHAP
- Model Cards
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Explainable AI (XAI) techniques: Feature Importance ranks input influence; LIME/SHAP provide local explanations; Model Cards document model purpose, performance, limitations. Critical for trust and regulatory compliance.
The AI approach that ensures humans can monitor and override automated decisions is called human ________.
Answer: in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) ensures human oversight of AI decisions, especially in high-stakes domains. Critical for accountability, error correction, and ethical compliance. Complements human-on-the-loop supervision.
Algorithmic accountability requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI: documenting data sources, model design, testing, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act and sectoral guidelines.
Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI systems do not discriminate against protected groups?
- Transparency
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Privacy
Answer: Fairness
Fairness in AI requires systems to avoid bias based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques include bias detection metrics, diverse training data, and fairness-aware algorithms. Critical for ethical AI deployment in hiring, lending, and public services.
Which technique enables data subjects to request deletion of their personal data?
- Right to Access
- Right to Erasure
- Right to Portability
- Right to Correction
Answer: Right to Erasure
Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) allows individuals to request deletion of personal data when no longer necessary or consent withdrawn. Critical for DPDP/GDPR compliance questions.
Cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools continuously monitor for misconfigurations and compliance violations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CSPM automates detection/remediation of cloud misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted data. Critical for preventing cloud breaches.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments?
- NIST IR 8259
- ETSI EN 303 645
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on cybersecurity capacity building is called Global Cybersecurity ________.
Answer: Forum / Index
ITU Global Cybersecurity Index assesses national cybersecurity commitment; forums facilitate knowledge sharing. India ranks high in GCI. Critical for international cybersecurity questions.
Which certification validates expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning engineering?
- Google Professional ML Engineer
- AWS ML Specialty
- Microsoft Azure AI Engineer
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Cloud AI certifications validate skills in model development, deployment, MLOps. Critical for AI/ML roles in growing Indian tech sector.
Strangler Fig pattern enables gradual migration from monolithic to microservices architecture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Strangler Fig incrementally replaces monolith features with microservices behind API gateway. Reduces risk vs big-bang rewrite. Critical for legacy modernization questions.
Which database feature enables automatic detection and correction of data inconsistencies?
- Constraints
- Triggers
- Data Quality Rules
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Constraints enforce rules; triggers automate actions; DQ rules validate/clean data. Combined for data integrity. Critical for reliable analytics and compliance.
The protocol that enables secure remote access to network devices is called ________.
Answer: SSH
SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts remote command execution and file transfer, replacing insecure Telnet. Critical for secure network administration.
Which initiative supports deep tech startups in strategic sectors like defense and space?
- iDEX
- IN-SPACe
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
iDEX (Defence) and IN-SPACe (Space) provide funding, mentorship, and market access for startups in strategic domains. Critical for defense/space innovation questions.
The e-Taal portal provides real-time statistics on e-governance transactions across government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Taal (Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis Layer) aggregates transaction data from government portals for monitoring and decision-making. Critical for digital governance analytics.
Which principle requires organizations to be transparent about data processing activities?
- Lawfulness
- Transparency
- Accountability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Lawfulness (legal basis), Transparency (clear communication), Accountability (demonstrate compliance). Core to DPDP/GDPR. Critical for privacy governance questions.
The practice of defining security policies as code for automated enforcement is called Security as ________.
Answer: Code / Policy as Code
Security as Code (Open Policy Agent, AWS Config Rules) defines policies in declarative code, enabling version control, testing, and automated enforcement. Critical for scalable security governance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing DevOps pipelines and CI/CD processes?
- DevSecOps Framework
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
DevSecOps integrates security into CI/CD: SAST, DAST, dependency scanning. NIST SP 800-204 covers microservices security including pipelines. Critical for secure software delivery.
The concept of 'frugal innovation' develops affordable, accessible solutions for resource-constrained environments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Frugal innovation (Jugaad) emphasizes simplicity, affordability, and sustainability. India's strength in healthcare, agriculture, and fintech. Critical for inclusive development questions.
Which role focuses on optimizing cloud costs and resource utilization?
- Cloud FinOps Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
- Solutions Architect
- All of these
Answer: All of these
FinOps specializes in cloud cost management; DevOps/Solutions roles include cost optimization. Critical for efficient cloud operations in cost-conscious environments.