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Answer: Both A and B
Serverless compute (AWS Lambda, GCP Cloud Functions) executes code in response to events: API calls, file uploads, messages. Auto-scaling, pay-per-execution pricing. Critical for event-driven architectures.
Answer: CSA CCM / Cloud Controls Matrix
Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Controls Matrix provides comprehensive security controls for cloud services, mapped to standards like ISO 27001, NIST. Critical for cloud security governance.
Answer: Both A and B
EDR focuses on endpoint telemetry and response; XDR extends to network, cloud, email for cross-domain threat detection. Critical for comprehensive threat protection.
Answer: True
GitOps (ArgoCD, Flux) declaratively defines desired state in Git; operators sync cluster state. Benefits: audit trail, rollback via git revert, peer review via PRs. Critical for cloud-native MLOps.
Answer: All of these
Production monitoring: drift detection for data/concept changes, dashboards for real-time metrics, alerting for anomalies. Critical for maintaining ML system reliability and business value.
Answer: Beam / Nucleus
Advanced decoding: beam search explores multiple hypotheses, nucleus (top-p) sampling truncates low-probability tokens. Balance diversity and coherence in text generation.
Answer: True
Self-supervised learning (BERT, GPT pre-training) creates supervisory signals from data structure: mask prediction, next sentence prediction. Enables learning from vast unlabeled corpora.
Answer: Both A and B
Long-context handling: larger context windows (128K+ tokens), memory mechanisms (summarization, retrieval) maintain conversation history. Critical for chatbots and assistants.
Answer: Both A and B
India endorses OECD AI Principles (2019) and UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021). Both emphasize human rights, transparency, accountability, sustainability. Critical for AI governance.
Answer: True
NEP 2020 emphasizes computational thinking, coding, AI exposure from Class 6 onwards, with experiential learning and teacher training. Implemented via DIKSHA, CBSE updates, ATLs.
Answer: Both A and B
Startup India ecosystem integrates: Hub for resources/networking, DPIIT recognition for benefits, NITI Aayog for policy. Supports innovation, job creation, global competitiveness.
Answer: FAME
FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) India provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure. Phase-II focuses on public transport and shared mobility.
Answer: All of these
Time series methods: ARIMA for stationary series, Prophet for seasonality/holidays, LSTM for complex patterns. Choice depends on data characteristics and forecast horizon.
Answer: True
Cross-validation (k-fold) trains/evaluates on multiple data splits, reducing variance in performance estimates. Critical for small datasets and reliable model selection.
Answer: All of these
Proportion visualization: bar charts for clear comparison, pie charts for part-to-whole (limited categories), stacked bars for multiple groups. Choice depends on data and audience.
Answer: Regularization
Regularization (L1/Lasso, L2/Ridge, Dropout) adds penalty terms to loss function or randomly drops units during training. Prevents overfitting by discouraging complex models. Critical for generalization.
Answer: All of these
Safe deployment patterns: blue-green (instant switch), canary (gradual rollout), feature flags (toggle functionality). Combined for zero-downtime, low-risk releases. Critical for DevOps practices.
Answer: True
IaC scanners (Checkov, tfsec) analyze Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted resources. Critical for shift-left security in DevOps.
Answer: Glacier Deep Archive
Glacier Deep Archive offers lowest cost for long-term retention with 12+ hour retrieval times. Ideal for regulatory archives, backups. Trade-off: low storage cost vs high retrieval latency.
Answer: Red Team / Penetration
Red teaming conducts adversarial simulations (cyber, physical, social) to identify gaps in detection, response, and resilience. Distinct from vulnerability scanning. Critical for mature security programs.