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Which regulation requires Data Protection Impact Assessments for high-risk processing activities?
- GDPR
- DPDP Act 2023
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
GDPR Article 35 and DPDP Act Section 10 require DPIAs for processing likely to result in high risk to individuals' rights. Critical for privacy-by-design compliance.
Model extraction attacks reconstruct proprietary ML models by querying prediction APIs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Model extraction queries API to infer model architecture/parameters, enabling intellectual property theft or adversarial example generation. Mitigation: query rate limiting, output perturbation.
The practice of managing cloud security policies as code for version control and automation is called Security as ________.
- Label / One-Hot
- Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems / NM-ICPS
- Code
- in-the-loop
Answer: Code
Security as Code defines policies in declarative format (OPA, Sentinel), enabling version control, testing, automated enforcement. Critical for scalable cloud security governance.
Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP) secure workloads across multi-cloud and hybrid environments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CWPP provides unified security for VMs, containers, serverless across AWS, Azure, GCP, on-premises. Critical for consistent security posture in hybrid cloud.
Which cloud security practice involves automatically scanning infrastructure code for misconfigurations before deployment?
- IaC Scanning
- Container Scanning
- Runtime Protection
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Comprehensive cloud security: IaC scanning (Terraform, CloudFormation), container image scanning, runtime protection (Falco, Tetragon). Combined for defense-in-depth.
The practice of encrypting data at the application level before storage or transmission is called ________ Encryption.
- Cell / Location-Based
- Quantum Annealing
- Application-Layer
- End-to-End
Answer: Application-Layer
Application-layer encryption ensures data remains encrypted even if storage or network layers are compromised. Critical for end-to-end data protection in Zero Trust architectures.
Continuous authentication in Zero Trust requires re-verifying user identity throughout a session based on risk context.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Continuous authentication adjusts verification requirements based on behavioral analytics, device posture, location, and other risk signals. Critical for Zero Trust security posture.
Instruction tuning adapts LLMs to follow user instructions by training on ________-response pairs.
- Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems / NM-ICPS
- Latency
- Bias / Fairness
- Prompt
Answer: Prompt
Instruction tuning fine-tunes LLMs on instruction datasets, improving task completion and helpfulness.
The technique that splits data into training and testing sets while preserving class distribution is called Stratified Sampling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Stratified sampling maintains class proportions in train/test splits, critical for imbalanced classification.
Content Delivery Networks cache content at edge locations to reduce ________ for global users.
- Parquet
- ABHA / Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
- Latency
- Drone
Answer: Latency
CDNs distribute content to edge locations near users, reducing latency and origin load.
The National Education Policy 2020 mandates integration of coding and AI literacy from ________ school.
- Auditing / Assessment
- Board
- Container / Image
- Middle
Answer: Middle
NEP 2020 emphasizes computational thinking, coding, AI exposure from Class 6 onwards.
Model registries track versions, metadata, and lineage of ML models for ________.
- Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
- -a
- Governance
- Slicing
Answer: Governance
Model registries manage model versions, parameters, metrics, deployment history.
Hyperparameter tuning optimizes model performance by searching ________ combinations.
- T-Hub
- Telecommunication / ITU
- Parameter
- Optical Fiber
Answer: Parameter
Hyperparameter tuning: grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization. Critical for maximizing performance.
A/B testing compares model versions in production to measure ________ impact.
- Technical
- Business
- Security
- All of these
Answer: Business
A/B testing randomly assigns users to model variants, measuring metrics like conversion, engagement.
Self-supervised learning enables models to learn from unlabeled data by predicting ________ tokens.
- Masked
- F5 or Ctrl+R
- Doping
- Differential
Answer: Masked
Self-supervised learning creates supervisory signals from data structure: mask prediction, next sentence prediction.
The Indian tax provision that imposes 30% tax on income from virtual digital assets is Section ________.
- 115BBH
- 20
- 26.5-40
- 4.0
Answer: 115BBH
Section 115BBH taxes crypto income at 30% plus cess, with 1% TDS on transactions.
Network segmentation limits blast radius of security incidents in Zero Trust architectures.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Micro-segmentation creates granular security zones, containing breaches and limiting attacker movement.
The principle of data minimization requires collecting only necessary personal information for specified purposes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data minimization limits collection to what's necessary for specified purpose. Reduces privacy risks, storage costs, breach impact.
Defensive distillation smooths model outputs to reduce sensitivity to adversarial perturbations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Defensive distillation trains a student model to mimic a teacher's softened outputs, reducing gradient magnitudes and adversarial vulnerability.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is critical for enforcing least privilege in Zero Trust architectures.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IAM systems manage user identities, authentication, authorization. Critical for implementing least privilege access controls in Zero Trust.