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Generate QuizMedium Level – GK Questions
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The time complexity of accessing an element in an array by index is ________.
- UPI
- DHCP
- CERT
- O(1)
Answer: O(1)
Array access by index is O(1) constant time because memory address is calculated directly: base_address + index * element_size. No traversal needed. Contrasts with linked lists (O(n) for access). This efficiency makes arrays ideal for random access patterns, but insertion/deletion in middle is O(n) due to element shifting.
Neo-banks in India can independently accept deposits and lend money without partnering with licensed banks.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Neo-banks in India are tech-first platforms that partner with licensed banks/NBFCs to offer banking services. RBI does not grant independent banking licenses to neo-banks yet. They focus on UX, analytics, and niche segments while regulated partners handle core banking, compliance, and balance sheet activities. Regulatory evolution ongoing.
Which technology enables multiple antennas to transmit/receive simultaneously for higher data rates in 4G/5G?
- OFDM
- MIMO
- CDMA
- TDMA
Answer: MIMO
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) uses multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver to send/receive multiple data streams simultaneously over same frequency. Increases spectral efficiency, data rates, and link reliability. Evolution: SU-MIMO (single user) to MU-MIMO (multi-user). Foundational for 4G LTE-Advanced and 5G NR performance.
The device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) is called a ________.
- Central
- Identity
- Rectifier
- Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Answer: Rectifier
Rectifier converts AC to DC using diodes. Types: half-wave (single diode, inefficient), full-wave (center-tapped or bridge, better efficiency). Used in power supplies for electronics, battery chargers, and DC motor drives. Filter capacitors smooth the pulsating DC output. Critical component in virtually all electronic devices powered from mains.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires explicit consent for processing sensitive personal data like biometrics and health information.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act 2023 mandates explicit, informed, and specific consent for processing sensitive personal data (biometrics, health, sexual orientation, etc.). Consent must be withdrawable, and purpose limitation applies. Additional safeguards: data minimization, storage limitation, and enhanced rights for data principals. Critical for AI systems using sensitive data.
Which RBI guideline mandates that digital lending apps must be operated only by regulated entities?
- Digital Payments Guidelines
- Digital Lending Guidelines 2022
- NBFC Framework
- P2P Lending Rules
Answer: Digital Lending Guidelines 2022
RBI's Digital Lending Guidelines (2022) require: lending only by regulated entities (banks/NBFCs), direct fund flow between lender and borrower (no third-party pools), standardized key fact statements, cooling-off period, and grievance redressal. Aims to protect consumers from predatory apps, data misuse, and unfair recovery practices.
Which logic gate outputs HIGH only when both inputs are HIGH?
- OR
- AND
- XOR
- NAND
Answer: AND
AND gate outputs 1 (HIGH) only when all inputs are 1. Truth table: 0+0→0, 0+1→0, 1+0→0, 1+1→1. Fundamental for digital circuits, arithmetic units, and control logic. NAND/NOR are universal gates (can implement any Boolean function). XOR outputs 1 when inputs differ; useful for parity checks and adders.
Recursion always uses less memory than iteration for solving the same problem.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Recursion typically uses MORE memory due to call stack overhead for each recursive call. Risk of stack overflow for deep recursion. Iteration uses constant memory with loops. However, recursion can simplify code for tree/graph problems, divide-and-conquer algorithms. Tail recursion optimization (in some languages) can mitigate memory issues.
Which Indian government body is responsible for developing standards and guidelines for AI adoption?
- NITI Aayog
- MeitY
- DST
- All of these
Answer: All of these
AI governance in India is multi-stakeholder: NITI Aayog leads strategy (#AIforAll), MeitY handles policy/regulation and DPDP Act, DST funds R&D through NM-ICPS. BIS develops technical standards; CERT-In addresses security. Collaborative approach ensures balanced innovation, ethics, and national interest in AI deployment.
The framework that enables open access to bank transaction data with user consent for financial services is called ________.
- <a>
- AI / Autonomous
- Account Aggregator
- Fab / Foundry
Answer: Account Aggregator
Account Aggregator (AA) ecosystem enables consent-based sharing of financial data between institutions. Users control data sharing via AA apps. FIPs (banks, mutual funds) provide data; FIUs (lenders, wealth apps) consume for personalized services. Reduces documentation, speeds up credit decisions, and promotes competition in financial services.
Which technology enables dynamic spectrum sharing between 4G and 5G on same frequency band?
- Carrier Aggregation
- DSS
- MIMO
- Beamforming
Answer: DSS
DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing) allows 4G LTE and 5G NR to coexist on same frequency band by dynamically allocating resources based on real-time demand. Enables faster 5G rollout using existing spectrum without refarming. Trade-off: slight capacity reduction vs accelerated coverage. Key for operators transitioning from 4G to 5G.
Which loop structure guarantees execution of the loop body at least once?
- for
- while
- do-while
- foreach
Answer: do-while
do-while loop checks condition AFTER executing the body, ensuring at least one iteration. Syntax: do { ... } while(condition);. Useful for menu-driven programs, input validation where first attempt is always needed. while/for check condition BEFORE execution, potentially skipping body entirely if condition initially false.
The concept of ensuring AI systems do not discriminate against individuals based on protected attributes is called AI ________.
- FOSS / Free and Open Source Software
- Quantum
- Frequency
- Fairness
Answer: Fairness
AI Fairness addresses bias in data, algorithms, and outcomes that may disadvantage groups based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques: bias detection metrics, debiasing algorithms, diverse training data, and fairness-aware modeling. Critical for ethical deployment in hiring, lending, policing, and public services.
Which technology enables instant verification of bank account details using account number and IFSC?
- Penny Drop
- NEFT Validation
- RTGS Check
- IMPS Confirm
Answer: Penny Drop
Penny Drop verification sends ₹1 to a bank account using account number and IFSC; successful credit confirms account validity and name match. Used for KYC, onboarding, and fraud prevention in fintech. Automated via NPCI's APIs. Faster and more reliable than manual document verification, enhancing user experience and compliance.
VoNR (Voice over New Radio) enables voice calls directly over 5G standalone networks without falling back to 4G.
- True
- False
Answer: True
VoNR allows native voice service on 5G SA (Standalone) core, eliminating need for EPS Fallback to 4G/VoLTE. Benefits: faster call setup, HD+ voice quality, simultaneous voice+data on 5G, and seamless handover. Requires 5G SA network deployment, compatible devices, and IMS integration. Key milestone in 5G maturity.
Which component stores electrical energy in an electric field?
- Resistor
- Inductor
- Capacitor
- Transformer
Answer: Capacitor
Capacitor stores energy in electric field between two conductive plates separated by dielectric. Measured in Farads. Applications: filtering, timing circuits, power factor correction, energy storage. Inductor stores energy in magnetic field; resistor dissipates energy as heat; transformer transfers energy between circuits via electromagnetic induction.
The programming paradigm that treats computation as evaluation of mathematical functions without changing state is called ________ Programming.
- Inversion
- Functional
- Columnar
- Searchable / Homomorphic
Answer: Functional
Functional Programming emphasizes immutability, pure functions (no side effects), and declarative style. Languages: Haskell, Scala, Lisp; features in Python/JavaScript. Benefits: easier testing, parallelization, and reasoning about code. Contrasts with imperative programming that uses mutable state and explicit control flow.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in India is called e₹ (e-Rupee) and is a digital form of legal tender issued by RBI.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹ (e-Rupee) is India's CBDC, a digital token representing sovereign currency issued by RBI. Two types: retail (e₹-R) for public transactions via wallets, and wholesale (e₹-W) for interbank settlements. Built on distributed ledger technology but centrally managed. Aims to reduce cash dependency, enhance payment efficiency, and foster innovation.
Which spectrum band was first auctioned for 5G services in India?
- 700 MHz
- 3.3-3.67 GHz
- 24.25-28.5 GHz
- All of these
Answer: All of these
India's first 5G spectrum auction (2022) included low-band (700 MHz for coverage), mid-band (3.3-3.67 GHz for capacity/coverage balance), and high-band/mmWave (24.25-28.5 GHz for ultra-high speeds in dense areas). Operators strategically bid based on use cases: rural coverage vs urban capacity vs industrial applications.
The semiconductor device that allows current flow in only one direction is called a ________.
- DOMContentLoaded / load
- Travel
- Parquet
- Diode
Answer: Diode
Diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device permitting current flow primarily in one direction (forward bias) while blocking reverse current. Applications: rectification (AC to DC), voltage regulation (Zener diode), signal demodulation, and circuit protection. LED is a special diode emitting light when forward-biased.