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The technology that uses biological molecules like DNA for data storage is called ________ Computing.
- Access Control
- Lead-through / Teach Pendant
- Green
- Bio-molecular / DNA
Answer: Bio-molecular / DNA
DNA data storage encodes digital information into synthetic DNA strands, offering extreme density (exabytes/gram) and longevity (thousands of years). Challenges: slow read/write speeds and high costs. Research by Microsoft, IITs, and startups. Represents convergence of biology and information technology for archival storage.
The Indian government's policy framework for responsible AI development is called National Strategy for ________.
- Responsibility Segregation / CQRS
- Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
- RTI Online
- Consolidation
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
#AIforAll strategy (NITI Aayog, 2018) focuses on leveraging AI for inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and mobility. Emphasizes research, skilling, data governance, and ethical principles. Updated frameworks address generative AI, data protection, and global cooperation. Critical for AI policy questions.
The global alliance for developing open 5G/6G network standards with interoperable components is called ________ Alliance.
- O(1)
- 6G
- OECD
- O-RAN
Answer: O-RAN
O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) Alliance promotes open interfaces, virtualization, and AI-driven optimization in mobile networks. Enables multi-vendor interoperability, innovation, and cost reduction. India actively participates to build indigenous 5G/6G ecosystem. Critical for telecom policy and technology sovereignty questions.
The satellite-based system for early warning of cyclones and floods in India is operated by ________.
- e₹ / Digital Rupee
- IMD / ISRO
- Prompt
- Hybrid
Answer: IMD / ISRO
IMD (India Meteorological Department) uses INSAT/GSAT satellites, Doppler weather radars, and numerical models for cyclone tracking and flood forecasting. ISRO provides satellite data and infrastructure. Early warnings enable evacuation and disaster preparedness, saving lives and property. Critical for disaster management questions.
The smallest unit of data in a computer that can have a value of 0 or 1 is called a ________.
- Digital Personal Data Protection / DPDP
- IaC / Infrastructure as Code
- bit
- dimensions
Answer: bit
Bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing either 0 or 1. Eight bits make one byte. All digital information - text, images, audio, video - is ultimately stored and processed as sequences of bits.
The process of verifying a user's identity before granting access to a system is called ________.
- Make
- Authentication
- LCH Prachand
- Stake
Answer: Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying who a user claims to be, typically using passwords, biometrics, or tokens. It is distinct from authorization (what an authenticated user is allowed to do) and accounting (tracking user activities).
The full form of 'USB' commonly used for connecting peripherals is ________.
- Wide Area Network
- Universal Serial Bus
- Binary Digit
- Random Access Memory
Answer: Universal Serial Bus
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an industry standard for cables, connectors, and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and peripheral devices. USB-C is the latest reversible connector standard.
The technology that overlays digital information onto the real world through smartphone cameras is called ________ Reality.
- End-to-End / Comprehensive
- Augmented
- Reinforcement / RLHF
- Object
Answer: Augmented
Augmented Reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated images, sounds, or data onto the real-world environment. Unlike VR which creates fully immersive digital environments, AR enhances reality. Applications include gaming, education, retail, and navigation.
The platform that enables cashless transactions using virtual payment addresses in India is called ________.
- SLAAC
- UPI
- FAME
- e-NAM
Answer: UPI
UPI (Unified Payments Interface) enables instant bank-to-bank transactions using virtual payment addresses (e.g., name@bank). Developed by NPCI, it supports peer-to-peer and merchant payments, bill payments, and integrates with multiple banking apps.
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing traffic based on predetermined rules is called ________.
- Quantum
- Village
- Firewall
- Classification
Answer: Firewall
Firewall is a network security device/software that monitors and filters traffic between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks based on security rules. It can be hardware-based, software-based, or cloud-based.
The unique address assigned to each device on a network for identification is called ________ Address.
- QR
- TDMA
- IP
- ROM
Answer: IP
IP (Internet Protocol) Address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1), while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to accommodate the growing number of internet-connected devices.
The brain of the computer that executes instructions is called ________.
- DID
- CPU
- L
- IP
Answer: CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component that executes program instructions, performs calculations, and controls other computer parts. Modern CPUs contain multiple cores for parallel processing and cache memory for faster data access.
The Indian regional navigation satellite system is called ________.
- GIGW
- NavIC
- e-NAM
- FAME
Answer: NavIC
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), formerly IRNSS, is India's independent regional satellite navigation system providing accurate position information over India and 1500 km around. It consists of 7 satellites and is an alternative to GPS.
The digital platform that allows citizens to store driving license, vehicle registration, and other documents electronically is called ________.
- Modernisation Programme / DILRMP
- Forest / REDD+
- DigiLocker
- Frequency
Answer: DigiLocker
DigiLocker is a cloud-based platform under Digital India that enables citizens to store, share, and verify important documents digitally. Documents issued by registered authorities through DigiLocker have legal validity under the Information Technology Act, 2000.
The organization that developed UPI system in India is ________.
- DPIIT
- NPCI
- NavIC
- SMTP
Answer: NPCI
NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) developed the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). NPCI also operates other payment systems like IMPS, RuPay, Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AePS), and Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS).
A type of malware that encrypts victim's files and demands payment for decryption key is called ________.
- Account Aggregator
- Forum / Index
- Inclusive
- Ransomware
Answer: Ransomware
Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on victim's device and demands ransom (usually in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key. Prevention includes regular backups, updated antivirus, and avoiding suspicious email attachments.
The unique 12-digit identity number issued by UIDAI is called ________.
- Aadhaar
- Navigation Satellite
- OECD / UNESCO
- NDMA App / Disaster Alert
Answer: Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identification number issued by UIDAI to Indian residents based on biometric and demographic data. It enables targeted delivery of subsidies and services through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system.
The technology that enables machines to learn from data without being explicitly programmed is called ________ Learning.
- Machine
- Lead-through / Teach Pendant
- Supervised
- Microservices / RESTful
Answer: Machine
Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence where algorithms improve automatically through experience and data. It includes supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning approaches used in recommendation systems, fraud detection, and more.
The full form of 'OTP' commonly used in two-factor authentication is ________.
- Read Only Memory
- One Time Password
- Binary Digit
- Universal Serial Bus
Answer: One Time Password
OTP stands for One Time Password - a automatically generated numeric or alphanumeric string that authenticates a user for a single transaction or login session, enhancing security beyond static passwords.
Article 51's directive to foster respect for international law informs human rights jurisprudence: Indian courts increasingly refer to international human rights treaties to interpret constitutional provisions, reflecting that constitutional values like dignity, equality are ______, not confined by national boundaries.
- parochial
- universal
- regional
- temporary
Answer: universal
Article 51 global constitutionalism and human rights: (a) Article 51 text: State shall endeavor to: (i) Promote international peace and security, (ii) Maintain just and honorable relations between nations, (iii) Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, (iv) Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration, (b) Universal values rationale: (i) Human dignity: Core constitutional values (dignity, equality, liberty) recognized across legal traditions; not culture-specific but universal human aspirations, (ii) Shared challenges: Global issues (climate change, pandemics, migration) require collective action based on shared values, not narrow nationalism, (iii) Normative influence: International human rights norms enrich domestic constitutional interpretation; foster convergence on rights protection, (c) Judicial integration of international law: (i) Human rights treaties: Courts refer to ICCPR, CEDAW, CRC to interpret Fundamental Rights (e.g., privacy, gender equality, child rights), (ii) Environmental agreements: Paris Agreement, biodiversity conventions inform Indian environmental jurisprudence, sustainable development principles, (iii) Comparative jurisprudence: Courts cite foreign judgments (US, EU, South Africa) to enrich constitutional interpretation, while respecting Indian context, (d) Applications: (i) Puttaswamy (2017): Cited international privacy jurisprudence to recognize privacy as Fundamental Right under Article 21, (ii) Navtej Singh Johar (2018): Referenced international LGBTQ+ rights jurisprudence to decriminalize homosexuality, advance dignity, equality, (iii) Climate litigation: Emerging cases reference international climate agreements, intergenerational equity principles to challenge inadequate climate action, (e) Challenges: (i) Sovereignty concerns: Balancing international commitments with national autonomy requires careful negotiation, constitutional compliance, (ii) Contextual adaptation: International norms require adaptation to Indian social, cultural, legal context; not mechanical transplantation, (iii) Implementation gaps: Domestic capacity, political will affect treaty implementation; require institutional strengthening, public awareness, (f) Illustrates global constitutionalism: Article 51 operationalized through judicial interpretation, legislative implementation; balance between universal values, national context, constitutional identity essential for realizing constitutional vision of just, humane society in interconnected world.