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The device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) is called a ________.
- Central
- Identity
- Rectifier
- Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Answer: Rectifier
Rectifier converts AC to DC using diodes. Types: half-wave (single diode, inefficient), full-wave (center-tapped or bridge, better efficiency). Used in power supplies for electronics, battery chargers, and DC motor drives. Filter capacitors smooth the pulsating DC output. Critical component in virtually all electronic devices powered from mains.
The 5G feature that allows network resources to be partitioned into multiple virtual networks for different use cases is called network ________.
- Propellant / ISRU
- Slicing
- Hybrid
- Device Posture
Answer: Slicing
Network Slicing creates multiple logical networks on shared physical 5G infrastructure, each optimized for specific requirements: ultra-reliable low latency (autonomous vehicles), massive IoT (sensors), enhanced mobile broadband (video). Enables customized QoS, security, and management per slice. Critical for monetizing 5G across industries.
The framework that enables open access to bank transaction data with user consent for financial services is called ________.
- <a>
- AI / Autonomous
- Account Aggregator
- Fab / Foundry
Answer: Account Aggregator
Account Aggregator (AA) ecosystem enables consent-based sharing of financial data between institutions. Users control data sharing via AA apps. FIPs (banks, mutual funds) provide data; FIUs (lenders, wealth apps) consume for personalized services. Reduces documentation, speeds up credit decisions, and promotes competition in financial services.
The concept of ensuring AI systems do not discriminate against individuals based on protected attributes is called AI ________.
- FOSS / Free and Open Source Software
- Quantum
- Frequency
- Fairness
Answer: Fairness
AI Fairness addresses bias in data, algorithms, and outcomes that may disadvantage groups based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques: bias detection metrics, debiasing algorithms, diverse training data, and fairness-aware modeling. Critical for ethical deployment in hiring, lending, policing, and public services.
The programming paradigm that treats computation as evaluation of mathematical functions without changing state is called ________ Programming.
- Inversion
- Functional
- Columnar
- Searchable / Homomorphic
Answer: Functional
Functional Programming emphasizes immutability, pure functions (no side effects), and declarative style. Languages: Haskell, Scala, Lisp; features in Python/JavaScript. Benefits: easier testing, parallelization, and reasoning about code. Contrasts with imperative programming that uses mutable state and explicit control flow.
The semiconductor device that allows current flow in only one direction is called a ________.
- DOMContentLoaded / load
- Travel
- Parquet
- Diode
Answer: Diode
Diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device permitting current flow primarily in one direction (forward bias) while blocking reverse current. Applications: rectification (AC to DC), voltage regulation (Zener diode), signal demodulation, and circuit protection. LED is a special diode emitting light when forward-biased.
The technology that enables multiple users to share same frequency by dividing time into slots is called ________.
- O(1)
- PTES
- TDMA
- F1
Answer: TDMA
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) divides radio frequency into time slots, assigning each user a specific slot for transmission. Used in 2G GSM networks. Contrasts with FDMA (frequency division) and CDMA (code division). 4G/5G use OFDMA which combines time and frequency division with orthogonal subcarriers for higher efficiency.
Infrastructure as Code scanning tools detect security misconfigurations before ________.
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Deployment
- -a
- F5 or Ctrl+R
Answer: Deployment
IaC scanners analyze Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM.
The Digital India Act proposal includes provisions for regulating algorithmic transparency and ________.
- Accountability
- Navigation Satellite
- RTI Online
- Knowledge
Answer: Accountability
Digital India Act aims to address platform accountability, user rights, emerging tech governance.
The technology that uses DNA strands for massively parallel computation is called ________ Computing.
- DNA / Molecular
- Inversion
- Green / Energy-Efficient
- Artifact / Model Registry
Answer: DNA / Molecular
DNA computing leverages biochemical reactions for parallel problem-solving. Research stage with potential for combinatorial optimization, cryptography, archival storage.
The technique that enables data analysis while protecting individual identities through statistical noise is called ________ Privacy.
- Virtualization / NFV
- Hunting
- Differential
- Device Posture
Answer: Differential
Differential Privacy mathematically guarantees query results don't reveal individual records. Used in census, health analytics, tech telemetry for privacy-preserving insights.
The technique that protects ML models by adding calibrated noise to outputs to prevent inference attacks is called ________ Privacy.
- Nature-based / Biological
- margin
- Differential
- Account Aggregator
Answer: Differential
Differential Privacy adds mathematical noise to model outputs, providing provable privacy guarantees against membership inference and model inversion attacks.
The practice of managing cloud security policies as code for version control and automation is called Security as ________.
- Label / One-Hot
- Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems / NM-ICPS
- Code
- in-the-loop
Answer: Code
Security as Code defines policies in declarative format (OPA, Sentinel), enabling version control, testing, automated enforcement. Critical for scalable cloud security governance.
The practice of encrypting data at the application level before storage or transmission is called ________ Encryption.
- Cell / Location-Based
- Quantum Annealing
- Application-Layer
- End-to-End
Answer: Application-Layer
Application-layer encryption ensures data remains encrypted even if storage or network layers are compromised. Critical for end-to-end data protection in Zero Trust architectures.
Instruction tuning adapts LLMs to follow user instructions by training on ________-response pairs.
- Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems / NM-ICPS
- Latency
- Bias / Fairness
- Prompt
Answer: Prompt
Instruction tuning fine-tunes LLMs on instruction datasets, improving task completion and helpfulness.
Content Delivery Networks cache content at edge locations to reduce ________ for global users.
- Parquet
- ABHA / Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
- Latency
- Drone
Answer: Latency
CDNs distribute content to edge locations near users, reducing latency and origin load.
The National Education Policy 2020 mandates integration of coding and AI literacy from ________ school.
- Auditing / Assessment
- Board
- Container / Image
- Middle
Answer: Middle
NEP 2020 emphasizes computational thinking, coding, AI exposure from Class 6 onwards.
Model registries track versions, metadata, and lineage of ML models for ________.
- Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
- -a
- Governance
- Slicing
Answer: Governance
Model registries manage model versions, parameters, metrics, deployment history.
Hyperparameter tuning optimizes model performance by searching ________ combinations.
- T-Hub
- Telecommunication / ITU
- Parameter
- Optical Fiber
Answer: Parameter
Hyperparameter tuning: grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization. Critical for maximizing performance.
Self-supervised learning enables models to learn from unlabeled data by predicting ________ tokens.
- Masked
- F5 or Ctrl+R
- Doping
- Differential
Answer: Masked
Self-supervised learning creates supervisory signals from data structure: mask prediction, next sentence prediction.