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The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects is called _____.
- Incineration
- Landfilling
- Recycling
- Composting
Answer: Recycling
Recycling reduces the need for raw material extraction, saves energy, and minimizes waste sent to landfills or incinerators.
The National Air Quality Index (AQI) in India considers _____ key pollutants for calculating the index value.
- 5
- 6
- 8
- 10
Answer: 8
India's AQI is based on PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb, providing a comprehensive assessment of air quality.
The term 'One Health' recognizes the interconnection between human health, animal health, and the _____.
- Economy
- Environment
- Technology
- Politics
Answer: Environment
One Health is a collaborative approach to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing links among people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.
The phenomenon of 'Red Tide' in coastal waters is caused by algal blooms of _____ organisms.
- Bacterial
- Dinoflagellate
- Fungal
- Viral
Answer: Dinoflagellate
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) by dinoflagellates can discolor water, produce toxins, and cause fish kills and human health issues.
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification in India classifies coastal areas into _____ categories for regulating development activities.
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
Answer: 4
CRZ-I to CRZ-IV classify areas based on ecological sensitivity, human settlements, and water areas to balance development and conservation.
The Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) in India reviews EIA reports and recommends environmental clearance to the _____.
- Supreme Court
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- State Legislature
- National Green Tribunal
Answer: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
EACs, constituted by MoEFCC, appraise projects and advise the regulatory authority on granting or rejecting environmental clearance.
EIA stands for Environmental _____ Assessment.
- Evaluation
- Impact
- Effect
- Examination
Answer: Impact
Environmental Impact Assessment is a process to evaluate potential environmental effects of proposed projects before decisions are made.
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was adopted in _____ in response to global land degradation concerns.
- 1992
- 1994
- 1997
- 2000
Answer: 1994
UNCCD was adopted in Paris in 1994 and entered into force in 1996, focusing on combating desertification and mitigating drought effects.
The process of land becoming desert-like due to human activities and climate change is called _____.
- Deforestation
- Desertification
- Salinization
- Erosion
Answer: Desertification
Desertification is land degradation in drylands resulting from various factors including climate variability and unsustainable land use.
The 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan' launched by the Government of India focuses on _____ conservation and management.
- Forest
- Water
- Soil
- Energy
Answer: Water
Jal Shakti Abhiyan is a time-bound campaign for water conservation, including rainwater harvesting, rejuvenation of water bodies, and reuse.
The process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for human consumption is called _____.
- Filtration
- Distillation
- Desalination
- Purification
Answer: Desalination
Desalination uses methods like reverse osmosis or distillation to remove salts from seawater, providing freshwater in water-scarce regions.
The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is the _____.
- Atmosphere
- Forests
- Oceans
- Fossil fuels
Answer: Oceans
Oceans store about 38,000 gigatons of carbon, primarily as dissolved inorganic carbon, making them the largest active carbon reservoir.
The process by which water changes from liquid to vapor and enters the atmosphere is called _____.
- Condensation
- Precipitation
- Evaporation
- Transpiration
Answer: Evaporation
Evaporation is the conversion of liquid water to water vapor due to solar energy, a key process in the hydrological cycle.
The term 'Ecological Footprint' measures the demand on Earth's ecosystems by comparing human resource consumption with the planet's _____ capacity.
- Production
- Biocapacity
- Extraction
- Import
Answer: Biocapacity
Ecological footprint quantifies how much biologically productive area is needed to provide resources and absorb waste generated by a population.
The concept of 'Carrying Capacity' in sustainable development refers to the maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain _____.
- Temporarily
- Indefinitely
- With external aid
- Through migration
Answer: Indefinitely
Carrying capacity is the maximum population an ecosystem can support indefinitely without degradation of resources.
The 'Swachh Bharat Mission' launched in 2014 aims to achieve a clean India by focusing on _____ management and sanitation.
- Water
- Waste
- Air
- Noise
Answer: Waste
Swachh Bharat Mission focuses on solid and liquid waste management, eliminating open defecation, and promoting behavioral change.
The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s in Uttarakhand, was inspired by the teachings of _____, a Gandhian environmentalist.
- Vinoba Bhave
- Sunderlal Bahuguna
- Jayaprakash Narayan
- Ram Manohar Lohia
Answer: Sunderlal Bahuguna
Sunderlal Bahuguna was a key leader of the Chipko Movement, advocating for forest conservation through non-violent resistance.
The device used to convert mechanical energy from wind into electrical energy is called a wind _____.
- Pump
- Mill
- Turbine
- Generator
Answer: Turbine
Wind turbines capture kinetic energy from wind, rotating blades that drive a generator to produce electricity.
The process of converting organic material into a combustible gas mixture (mainly methane and CO2) through anaerobic digestion is called _____.
- Gasification
- Pyrolysis
- Biogas production
- Fermentation
Answer: Biogas production
Biogas is produced when microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, yielding a clean-burning fuel.
The first Marine National Park in India was established in the Gulf of _____ in Gujarat.
- Mannar
- Kutch
- Khambhat
- Palk
Answer: Kutch
The Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch was established in 1982 to protect coral reefs, mangroves, and marine biodiversity.