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The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established in 2003 under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NBA, headquartered in Chennai, regulates access to biological resources and ensures equitable benefit-sharing as per the Act.
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 provides for the establishment of _____ to protect wildlife.
- Zoos only
- National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
- Botanical Gardens
- Aquariums
Answer: National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
The Act enables the creation of protected areas like National Parks, Sanctuaries, and Conservation Reserves for wildlife conservation.
Which international agreement succeeded the Kyoto Protocol in setting global climate targets?
- Montreal Protocol
- Paris Agreement
- Copenhagen Accord
- Basel Convention
Answer: Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement (2015) replaced the Kyoto Protocol, with all nations submitting Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
The term 'Net Zero' emissions refers to balancing the amount of greenhouse gases produced with the amount _____ from the atmosphere.
- Produced
- Removed
- Stored
- Converted
Answer: Removed
Net zero means any emissions are balanced by absorption/removal, often through forests, carbon capture, or other sinks.
The term 'Carbon Footprint' refers to the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, or product.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon footprint measures emissions of CO2 and other GHGs associated with activities, helping assess environmental impact.
Which gas is primarily responsible for the 'greenhouse effect' contributing to global warming?
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Carbon dioxide
- Argon
Answer: Carbon dioxide
CO2 traps heat radiated from Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping into space, thus warming the atmosphere.
Particulate Matter (PM10) refers to particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PM10 can penetrate the respiratory system; finer PM2.5 particles can enter the bloodstream, causing serious health issues.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) in India categorizes air quality into _____ levels, ranging from 'Good' to 'Severe'.
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
Answer: 6
India's AQI has six categories: Good, Satisfactory, Moderately polluted, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe, based on pollutant concentrations.
The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 aimed to increase the population of one-horned rhinos in Assam to 3,000.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The program, a partnership between Assam Forest Department and conservation NGOs, targeted rhino population growth through translocation and protection.
The Great Indian Bustard, a critically endangered bird, is the state bird of _____.
- Gujarat
- Rajasthan
- Haryana
- Punjab
Answer: Rajasthan
The Great Indian Bustard is Rajasthan's state bird and is among the heaviest flying birds, now critically endangered due to habitat loss.
Which of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?
- Biosphere Reserve
- Wildlife Sanctuary
- Gene Bank
- National Park
Answer: Gene Bank
Gene banks preserve genetic material (seeds, tissues) outside natural habitats, making them a form of ex-situ conservation.
The term 'biodiversity' encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Biodiversity is measured at three levels: genetic variation within species, variety of species, and diversity of ecosystems.
Which of the following is an example of a detritivore?
- Lion
- Deer
- Earthworm
- Hawk
Answer: Earthworm
Detritivores feed on dead organic matter (detritus); earthworms consume decaying plant material and help in decomposition.
Decomposers play a crucial role in recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus back into the soil.
The functional unit of nature where living organisms interact among themselves and with the physical environment is called an _____.
- Biome
- Ecosystem
- Habitat
- Community
Answer: Ecosystem
An ecosystem includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components interacting as a functional unit.
World Environment Day is globally celebrated every year on which date?
- April 22
- June 5
- September 16
- December 11
Answer: June 5
Established by the UN in 1973, World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5 to raise awareness of environmental issues.
Extensive deforestation is a primary anthropogenic cause of severe soil erosion.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tree roots bind the soil and the canopy breaks the force of rain; removing trees exposes topsoil to wind and water erosion.
Which of the following natural resources is strictly classified as non-renewable?
- Wind
- Tidal power
- Natural Gas
- Solar radiation
Answer: Natural Gas
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that takes millions of years to form and depletes much faster than it can be naturally replenished.
The fundamental principle of modern waste management is often summarized by the '3 R's'. What are they?
- Read, Register, Remember
- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- Run, Rest, Recover
- Restore, Replenish, Renew
Answer: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
The 3 R's represent a hierarchy designed to minimize waste generation and maximize resource efficiency.
E-waste refers to discarded, broken, or obsolete electronic devices and their components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Electronic waste includes old computers, phones, and appliances, which often contain hazardous materials like lead and mercury.