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Rainwater harvesting systems can be integrated into building design to reduce dependence on municipal water supply.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Building-integrated rainwater harvesting collects roof runoff for non-potable uses or groundwater recharge, enhancing water security.
Which of the following is a benefit of using LED lighting over incandescent bulbs?
- Higher energy consumption
- Shorter lifespan
- Lower energy consumption and longer lifespan
- Higher heat emission
Answer: Lower energy consumption and longer lifespan
LEDs use up to 90% less energy and last 25 times longer than incandescent bulbs, reducing electricity demand and waste.
Green buildings are designed to minimize resource consumption and environmental impact throughout their lifecycle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green buildings use energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste reduction strategies for lower ecological footprint.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has been an important tool for citizens to seek judicial intervention on environmental issues in India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PILs have enabled courts to address environmental degradation, protect ecosystems, and hold authorities accountable for environmental protection.
Which of the following is a key function of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in India?
- Regulating stock markets
- Formulating policies and laws for environment, forests, and wildlife conservation
- Managing railway operations
- Overseeing banking regulations
Answer: Formulating policies and laws for environment, forests, and wildlife conservation
MoEFCC is the nodal agency for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing environmental and forestry programs in India.
The fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment is enshrined in Article _____ of the Indian Constitution.
- 51A(g)
- 21A
- 39A
- 44
Answer: 51A(g)
Article 51A(g) lists it as a fundamental duty for citizens to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
The 3R principle in waste management stands for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 3Rs prioritize waste prevention (Reduce), extending product life (Reuse), and processing materials for new products (Recycle).
Which color-coded bin is typically used for collecting biodegradable waste in India's waste segregation system?
- Red
- Blue
- Green
- Yellow
Answer: Green
Green bins are designated for wet/biodegradable waste (food scraps, garden waste) to be composted or processed biologically.
Composting is a biological process that converts organic waste into nutrient-rich soil conditioner.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Composting uses microorganisms to decompose organic matter aerobically, producing compost that improves soil fertility and structure.
Lead poisoning in children can cause irreversible neurological damage and developmental delays.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Lead exposure, even at low levels, impairs cognitive development, reduces IQ, and causes behavioral problems in children.
Which of the following is a common indoor air pollutant from burning solid fuels?
- Oxygen
- Carbon monoxide
- Nitrogen
- Argon
Answer: Carbon monoxide
Incomplete combustion of biomass fuels releases CO, a colorless, odorless gas that reduces blood oxygen-carrying capacity, causing health hazards.
Long-term exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Fine particles penetrate deep into lungs and bloodstream, causing asthma, bronchitis, heart attacks, and premature death.
The Sundarbans mangrove forest is the largest contiguous mangrove ecosystem in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Sundarbans, spanning India and Bangladesh, covers about 10,000 sq km and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Ramsar site.
Which of the following is a Ramsar site located in India?
- Dal Lake
- Chilika Lake
- Naini Lake
- Powai Lake
Answer: Chilika Lake
Chilika Lake in Odisha was designated India's first Ramsar site in 1981 for its rich biodiversity and importance as a wetland habitat.
Mangroves act as natural buffers against coastal erosion and storm surges.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mangrove root systems stabilize shorelines, reduce wave energy, and protect inland areas from cyclones and tsunamis.
Which of the following projects typically requires Environmental Clearance in India?
- Small retail shop
- Residential building under 20,000 sq.m.
- Thermal power plant
- Primary school
Answer: Thermal power plant
Large infrastructure and industrial projects like thermal power plants have significant environmental impacts and require mandatory EC.
EIA stands for Environmental _____ Assessment.
- Evaluation
- Impact
- Effect
- Examination
Answer: Impact
Environmental Impact Assessment is a process to evaluate potential environmental effects of proposed projects before decisions are made.
Mulching helps in conserving soil moisture and suppressing weed growth.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mulch (organic or inorganic material) covers soil surface, reducing evaporation, moderating temperature, and inhibiting weed germination.
Which of the following is a benefit of using organic manure in agriculture?
- Increases soil salinity
- Improves soil structure and water retention
- Reduces microbial activity
- Causes soil compaction
Answer: Improves soil structure and water retention
Organic manure enhances soil porosity, nutrient content, and water-holding capacity, promoting sustainable agriculture.
Terrace farming is a soil conservation technique used on hilly slopes to reduce water runoff.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Terracing creates stepped levels on slopes, slowing water flow, reducing erosion, and retaining soil moisture for cultivation.