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Answer: Schengen Borders Code safeguard clause
Article 25-28 of the Schengen Borders Code permit temporary internal border controls (max 6 months, extendable to 2 years in exceptional circumstances) for threats like terrorism or migration pressures. This balances free movement with security, subject to EU oversight and proportionality principles.
Answer: SCO Economic Cooperation Programme
The Programme prioritizes practical projects: modernizing railways, developing multimodal logistics, expanding power grids, and harmonizing customs procedures. It aims to leverage the region's geographic centrality to create efficient Eurasian supply chains and shared prosperity.
Answer: It can only hear cases where both states have consented to jurisdiction
ICJ jurisdiction is consensual: states must accept it via special agreement, treaty clause, or optional clause declaration. Without consent, the Court cannot adjudicate. This respects state sovereignty but can limit the Court's ability to resolve disputes where one party refuses participation.
Answer: Global Geoparks
UNESCO Global Geoparks are single, unified geographical areas where sites of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education, and sustainable development. They empower local communities, celebrate Earth's history, and foster resilience to natural hazards.
Answer: MIGA
MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) issues guarantees against non-commercial risks like expropriation, war, civil disturbance, breach of contract, and currency transfer restrictions. This reduces investor perceived risk, catalyzing FDI for infrastructure, manufacturing, and services in emerging economies.
Answer: Annex 16, Volume I and II
Annex 16 Vol. I sets noise certification standards for aircraft, while Vol. II regulates engine emissions. These SARPs drive technological innovation in quieter, cleaner aircraft, supporting ICAO's environmental goals and helping states meet climate and air quality commitments.
Answer: Financial crimes including money laundering and terrorist financing
GPML provides technical assistance to help countries implement international AML/CFT standards, develop financial intelligence units, train investigators and prosecutors, and enhance cross-border cooperation to disrupt illicit financial flows that fuel crime and terrorism.
Answer: All of the above
NATO's cyber defense is multi-layered: the Pledge commits allies to strengthen national capabilities; the CCDCOE (Tallinn) conducts research and training; and Cyber RRTs provide on-site assistance during major attacks. This integrated approach treats cyberspace as an operational domain alongside land, sea, air, and space.
Answer: Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
The Maputo Protocol, the most comprehensive women's rights treaty globally, obligates states to eliminate discrimination, protect women in conflict, ensure access to justice, and guarantee reproductive rights including safe abortion in specific circumstances. It has driven significant legal and policy reforms across Africa.
Answer: Complementarity
Complementarity, enshrined in the Rome Statute's Preamble and Article 17, positions the ICC as a court of last resort. It incentivizes states to strengthen domestic justice systems while providing a safety net against impunity when national processes fail, balancing sovereignty and accountability.
Answer: All of the above
UNICEF's child protection work is comprehensive: advocating for laws prohibiting violence, training social workers, supporting hotlines and shelters, engaging men and boys, and using media to shift norms. It addresses physical, sexual, emotional violence, and neglect in homes, schools, communities, and online.
Answer: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XVIII
GATT Article XVIII recognizes the development needs of low-income countries. It permits temporary trade restrictions for balance-of-payments reasons (Section B) or to promote particular industries (Section C), provided measures are transparent, non-discriminatory, and phased out as conditions improve.
Answer: domestic
Home-Grown School Feeding creates predictable demand for local farmers, encouraging production diversification and quality improvement. It strengthens rural economies, reduces food import dependence, and ensures culturally appropriate, fresh meals for children, supporting education and agricultural transformation.
Answer: Aviation System Block Upgrades
ASBUs are modular, performance-based upgrades for air navigation systems. Block 0 includes A-CDM, which enhances information sharing among airports, airlines, ANSPs, and ground handlers. This collaborative approach improves resource allocation, reduces fuel burn, and enhances passenger experience.
Answer: Convention No. 98
ILO Convention No. 98 (1949) on the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining protects workers against anti-union discrimination and promotes voluntary negotiation of terms and conditions of employment. It is one of the eight fundamental conventions underpinning the ILO's Decent Work Agenda.
Answer: ISPM 15
ISPM 15 mandates that wood packaging (pallets, crates) be treated (heat or fumigation) and marked with an official stamp. This globally recognized standard reduces the risk of transporting wood-boring pests like emerald ash borer or Asian longhorned beetle, protecting forests and urban trees.
Answer: Coordination Commission
For each Games edition, the IOC establishes a Coordination Commission comprising IOC members, NOC, IF, and athlete representatives. It works closely with the Organizing Committee, providing guidance, reviewing progress, and ensuring delivery aligns with Olympic values, technical requirements, and legacy goals.
Answer: Association Countries Programme
The Association framework enables non-member countries (e.g., Brazil, India, South Africa) to engage deeply with IEA analysis, best practices, and peer learning. It fosters policy dialogue, data sharing, and capacity building to accelerate clean energy transitions while addressing development priorities.
Answer: Postal Operations Council
The POC, elected by Congress, develops binding regulations on operational, technical, and economic matters. It ensures interoperability of global postal networks, adapts rules to e-commerce and digitalization, and balances interests of developed and developing countries in terminal dues and service quality.
Answer: True
UNEP FI mobilizes private sector capital for sustainability. It develops frameworks like the Principles for Responsible Banking and Insurance, supports climate risk disclosure (TCFD), and fosters innovation in green bonds, impact investing, and just transition finance to align finance with SDGs and Paris Agreement.