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The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It divides India into almost two equal halves climatically.
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, approximately 15-35 km above Earth's surface. It absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation, protecting life on Earth. Ozone depletion due to CFCs is addressed by the Montreal Protocol (1987).
Gujarat has the longest coastline among all Indian states.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gujarat has the longest coastline in India, stretching approximately 1,600 km along the Arabian Sea. It accounts for about 24% of India's total coastline and has 41 ports including Kandla, Mundra, and Pipavav.
The Western Ghats receive rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Western Ghats act as a barrier to the Southwest Monsoon winds coming from the Arabian Sea, causing heavy orographic rainfall on the windward side. This is why Kerala, Karnataka, and Goa receive abundant rainfall during June-September.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Jupiter is indeed the largest planet in our solar system, with a diameter of about 142,984 km. It is a gas giant with a mass more than twice that of all other planets combined. Its Great Red Spot is a storm larger than Earth.
NEFT transactions are settled in real-time individually like RTGS.
- True
- False
Answer: False
NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer) settles transactions in half-hourly batches, not real-time. RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement) processes high-value transactions individually in real-time. Both operate 24x7 since 2020. UPI is the only system offering instant peer-to-peer and merchant payments 24x7.
Big Data is characterized solely by its large volume.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Big Data is defined by 5 Vs: Volume (scale), Velocity (speed of generation), Variety (structured/unstructured data), Veracity (uncertainty/quality), and Value (actionable insights). Handling Big Data requires distributed computing (Hadoop, Spark), advanced analytics, and scalable storage solutions.
The Digital India initiative was launched in the year 2015.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital India was officially launched on July 1, 2015, with vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Built on three pillars: digital infrastructure as utility, governance & services on demand, and digital empowerment of citizens. Encompasses multiple sub-initiatives.
The binary number system uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Binary (base-2) system uses only digits 0 and 1, corresponding to off/on states in digital circuits. All computer data and instructions are ultimately represented in binary. Decimal (base-10), hexadecimal (base-16) are used for human readability but converted to binary for processing.
BharatNet project aims to connect all gram panchayats with optical fiber for high-speed internet.
- True
- False
Answer: True
BharatNet (formerly NOFN) is one of the world's largest rural connectivity projects, aiming to provide minimum 100 Mbps bandwidth to all 2.5 lakh gram panchayats via optical fiber. Enables delivery of e-governance, tele-education, telemedicine, and digital services to rural India.
UPI transactions require the recipient's bank account number and IFSC code to be entered manually every time.
- True
- False
Answer: False
UPI uses Virtual Payment Addresses (VPAs) like name@bank, eliminating need to enter account number/IFSC repeatedly. Users can also save beneficiaries, scan QR codes, or use mobile numbers linked to UPI. This simplifies payments and reduces errors compared to traditional NEFT/IMPS transfers.
Smart contracts on blockchain automatically execute when predefined conditions are met.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Smart contracts are self-executing programs stored on blockchain that automatically enforce agreements when coded conditions are satisfied. Eliminate intermediaries, reduce fraud, and increase transparency. Used in DeFi, supply chain, insurance, and voting. Code vulnerabilities require careful auditing.
Unicode can represent characters from virtually all writing systems in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Unicode is a universal character encoding standard supporting over 149,000 characters from 161 scripts, plus symbols, emojis, and historical scripts. Replaces legacy encodings (ASCII, ISO-8859) that supported limited languages. UTF-8 is the dominant Unicode encoding on the web and modern systems.
A proxy server can be used to bypass geographic content restrictions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Proxy servers act as intermediaries between client and internet, masking the user's real IP address. By connecting through a proxy in another country, users can access geo-restricted content. However, many services now detect and block proxy/VPN traffic. Legal and policy considerations apply.
DigiLocker documents have the same legal validity as physical original documents under the IT Act.
- True
- False
Answer: True
As per Rule 9A of Information Technology (Preservation and Retention of Information by Intermediaries providing Digital Locker facilities) Rules, 2016, documents issued by registered authorities through DigiLocker are legally valid and equivalent to physical originals under the IT Act, 2000.
Virtual memory allows a computer to use hard disk space as an extension of RAM.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Virtual memory is a memory management technique where the OS uses a portion of hard disk (page file/swap space) as an extension of physical RAM. Allows running programs larger than available RAM by swapping inactive pages to disk. Slower than physical RAM but enables multitasking and larger address spaces.
Quantum computers can break all existing encryption algorithms instantly.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Quantum computers threaten asymmetric algorithms like RSA and ECC using Shor's algorithm, but not all encryption. Symmetric algorithms (AES) require larger key sizes for quantum resistance. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is being standardized by NIST. Practical large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking encryption are still years away.
Two-factor authentication (2FA) completely eliminates the risk of account compromise.
- True
- False
Answer: False
2FA significantly reduces risk but doesn't eliminate it. Attackers can bypass 2FA via SIM swapping, phishing for OTPs, malware capturing tokens, or social engineering. Best practice: use authenticator apps or hardware tokens instead of SMS, monitor account activity, and use unique passwords.
4D printing adds the dimension of time, enabling 3D printed objects to change shape or properties in response to stimuli.
- True
- False
Answer: True
4D printing uses smart materials (shape-memory polymers, hydrogels) that transform when exposed to heat, moisture, light, or magnetic fields. Applications: self-assembling structures, adaptive medical devices, and responsive textiles. Emerging research area with potential in aerospace, healthcare, and soft robotics.
Zero-knowledge proofs allow verification of a statement without revealing the underlying data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ZK-proofs enable one party to prove knowledge of a secret (e.g., valid transaction) without revealing the secret itself. Applications: privacy-preserving cryptocurrencies (Zcash), identity verification, and confidential smart contracts. Computationally intensive but advancing with zk-SNARKs/zk-STARKs. Critical for privacy and scalability questions.