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The Treaty of Yandabo (1826) ended the First Anglo-Burmese War and brought Assam under British control.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Treaty of Yandabo (1826) ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. Burma ceded Assam, Manipur, and Arakan to the British, marking the beginning of colonial rule in North-East India. [[1]]
The construction of railways in India primarily served to transport raw materials to ports for export.
- True
- False
Answer: True
While railways facilitated internal connectivity, their primary purpose was economic exploitation: transporting cotton, jute, and minerals to ports for export to Britain, and distributing British manufactured goods inland. [[1]]
The 'Permanent Settlement' created a class of absentee landlords in Bengal.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Permanent Settlement (1793) recognized zamindars as landowners who paid fixed revenue to the British. Many zamindars lived in cities, collecting rent without investing in agriculture, leading to rural impoverishment. [[30]]
The Deccan school of painting shows influences from Persian, Turkish, and local Indian traditions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Deccan painting (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar) blended Persian elegance with vibrant Indian colors and local themes. It is known for rich landscapes, romantic themes, and distinctive facial types. [[30]]
The Pahari school of painting flourished in the Himalayan foothills of North India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Pahari school (17th-19th century) developed in hill states like Basohli, Guler, and Kangra. It is known for delicate brushwork, vibrant colors, and themes from Krishna bhakti and Ragamala series. [[1]]
The discovery of Roman gold coins in South India indicates extensive trade with the Roman Empire.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Large hoards of Roman gold and silver coins found in Tamil Nadu and Kerala confirm flourishing trade between South India and the Roman Empire. Pliny the Elder complained about the drain of Roman gold to India for spices. [[1]]
The 'Periplus of the Erythraean Sea' provides information about ancient Indian ports and trade.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) is a Greek navigation guide describing trade routes, ports, and commodities of the Indian Ocean, including Indian ports like Barbaricum, Barygaza, and Muziris. [[30]]
Purandara Dasa is known as the 'Father of Carnatic Music'.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Purandara Dasa (1484-1564) is called the 'Father of Carnatic Music' for systematizing music education through graded exercises (sarali varisai, jantai varisai). He composed thousands of devotional songs in Kannada. [[30]]
Tansen was one of the 'Navaratnas' in Akbar's court.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tansen, the legendary Hindustani classical musician, was one of Akbar's Navaratnas (nine gems). He is credited with creating ragas like Miyan ki Todi and Deepak, and his tomb is in Gwalior. [[1]]
India became a republic on January 26, 1950.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950, making India a sovereign democratic republic. This date was chosen to commemorate the 1930 Purna Swaraj declaration. [[1]]
The Chinese Communist Revolution succeeded in 1949 under Mao Zedong.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Chinese Communist Revolution culminated in 1949 with Mao Zedong proclaiming the People's Republic of China. The Nationalist government retreated to Taiwan, ending decades of civil war. [[1]]
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was led by Vladimir Lenin.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Party in the October Revolution of 1917, overthrowing the provisional government and establishing the world's first communist state in Russia. [[30]]
Aryabhata proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Aryabhata (476-550 CE) proposed in Aryabhatiya that Earth rotates on its axis causing day-night cycle and that planets revolve around the Sun. His heliocentric insights predated Copernicus by centuries. [[30]]
Sushruta is known as the 'Father of Surgery' for his contributions to ancient Indian medicine.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Sushruta (c. 6th century BCE) authored Sushruta Samhita, detailing surgical procedures, instruments, and anatomy. He described rhinoplasty and cataract surgery, earning recognition as a pioneer of surgery. [[1]]
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain advocated for women's education in Bengal.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Begum Rokeya (1880-1932) was a pioneering feminist writer and educator in Bengal. She founded the Sakhawat Memorial Girls' School and wrote 'Sultana's Dream', envisioning a women-led society. [[1]]
The Age of Consent Act (1891) raised the age of marriage for girls from 10 to 12 years.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Age of Consent Act 1891, championed by social reformers, raised the age of consent for girls from 10 to 12 years. It faced conservative opposition but marked progress in protecting child rights. [[30]]
The construction of railways in India primarily benefited Indian industries by providing cheap transport.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While railways facilitated movement, they primarily served British interests: transporting raw materials to ports for export and moving troops. Indian industries gained limited benefit due to discriminatory freight rates. [[1]]
The British policy of 'free trade' led to the decline of Indian handicraft industries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
British free trade policy allowed duty-free import of British manufactured goods while imposing duties on Indian exports. This destroyed India's traditional handicrafts, causing unemployment and poverty. [[30]]
The Vijayanagara architecture combined Dravidian and Indo-Islamic elements.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Vijayanagara architecture (14th-16th century) blended Dravidian temple styles with Indo-Islamic elements like arches and domes, reflecting cultural synthesis. Hampi's ruins showcase this unique fusion. [[30]]
The Meenakshi Temple in Madurai is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi (Parvati) and Lord Sundareswarar (Shiva).
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple in Madurai, expanded by the Nayak rulers, is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Shiva. Its towering gopurams and thousand-pillar hall exemplify Dravidian architecture. [[1]]