True/False – GK Questions

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Showing 2081–2100 of 2557 questions
polity hard True/False Article 356 - Governor's Report and Judicial Review Governor's report judicial review critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that the Governor's report recommending President's Rule is not final and can be examined by courts for objective material, procedural compliance, and constitutional principles compliance.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 352 - Presidential Satisfaction and Cabinet Advice Cabinet advice for Emergency frequently asked in UPSC Prelims and SSC exams

Under Article 352, the President can proclaim a National Emergency only on the written advice of the Cabinet, not on the advice of the Prime Minister alone, per the 44th Amendment safeguard.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 356 - Judicial Review Scope Judicial review scope under Article 356 critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that judicial review of Article 356 proclamation is limited to examining whether satisfaction was based on objective material, not re-appreciating the material or substituting judicial wisdom for Presidential satisfaction.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 352 - Automatic Suspension of Article 19 Article 19 automatic suspension frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Under Article 358, during a National Emergency, Fundamental Rights under Article 19 (freedoms of speech, assembly, etc.) are automatically suspended for the duration of Emergency, without requiring separate Presidential order.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 356 - Floor Test Before Dismissal SR Bommai floor test requirement critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that Governor cannot dismiss a State Ministry without testing majority on Assembly floor through floor test, ensuring democratic verification of loss of majority.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 352 - Special Majority for Parliamentary Approval Article 352 special majority frequently asked in UPSC Prelims and SSC exams

Under Article 352, approval of National Emergency proclamation by Parliament requires special majority: majority of total membership of each House and two-thirds of members present and voting.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 352 - Article 19 Suspension During Emergency Article 19 suspension during Emergency frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Under Article 358, during a National Emergency, Fundamental Rights under Article 19 (freedoms of speech, assembly, etc.) are automatically suspended for the duration of Emergency, but this suspension applies only to laws/restrictions related to the Emergency.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 352 - Judicial Review of Emergency Proclamation Emergency proclamation judicial review critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

Post-44th Amendment, the Supreme Court can examine whether a National Emergency proclamation under Article 352 was based on objective material, not mala fide or political considerations, ensuring judicial oversight of executive emergency powers.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 356 - Maximum Duration with Extensions Article 356 maximum duration frequently asked in UPSC Prelims and SSC exams

Under Article 356, President's Rule can be extended beyond one year only if: (a) National Emergency is in operation, or (b) Election Commission certifies that elections cannot be held, and in any case cannot exceed three years total.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 360 - Financial Emergency Never Invoked Article 360 non-invocation frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Article 360 (Financial Emergency) has never been invoked in Indian constitutional history, reflecting fiscal prudence, federal balance, and preference for cooperative mechanisms over emergency powers.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 356 - Judicial Review of Governor's Report Governor's report judicial review critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India (2006), the Supreme Court held that the Governor's report recommending President's Rule can be examined by courts for objective material, and cannot be based on unverified media reports or political considerations.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 352 - Effect on Fundamental Rights During Emergency Fundamental Rights during Emergency critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

During a National Emergency under Article 352, the President may suspend enforcement of Fundamental Rights under Article 359, but Articles 20-21 (protection in conviction, life/liberty) cannot be suspended even during Emergency per the 44th Amendment.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard True/False Article 356 - President's Rule Objective Material Requirement President's Rule judicial review case study critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that the President's satisfaction under Article 356 for imposing President's Rule must be based on objective material and is subject to judicial review to prevent political misuse.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 257 Union Directions to States for Railways, Highways Article 257 infrastructure cooperation frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Under Article 257, the Union can give directions to States for construction, maintenance of railways, national highways, and measures for protection of railways, reflecting cooperative federalism in infrastructure development.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 263 Inter-State Council Establishment and Functioning Inter-State Council establishment frequently asked in UPSC and State PSC exams

Under Article 263, the Inter-State Council can be established by Presidential order to inquire into and advise on disputes between States, subjects of common interest, and policy recommendations, promoting cooperative federalism through structured dialogue.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Article 270 Tax Distribution and Fiscal Federalism Fiscal federalism tax distribution frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Under Article 270, taxes levied and collected by the Union but distributed between Union and States include income tax (excluding agricultural income) and corporation tax, with distribution per Finance Commission recommendations balancing equity and efficiency.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Zonal Councils - Statutory Mechanism for Regional Cooperation Zonal Councils statutory framework frequently asked in UPSC and State PSC exams

Zonal Councils, established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, are statutory (not constitutional) bodies that promote inter-State cooperation on economic, social, and administrative issues within regions, complementing constitutional federal mechanisms.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Governor's Role - Article 154 Executive Power of State Governor's executive power frequently asked in UPSC and State PSC exams

Under Article 154, the executive power of the State is vested in the Governor and exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him, but in practice, this power is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, with Governor acting on their aid and advice under Article 163.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Administrative Relations - Article 256 State Compliance with Union Laws Article 256 administrative compliance frequently asked in UPSC and State PSC exams

Under Article 256, States are obligated to exercise their executive power to ensure compliance with Union laws, and the Union can give directions to States for this purpose, reflecting cooperative federalism in administrative relations.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium True/False Supriyo Case - Committee Mechanism for Rights Examination Supriyo committee mechanism critical for UPSC Mains and current affairs exams

In Supriyo v. Union of India (2023), the Supreme Court directed the Central Government to constitute a high-level committee to examine rights and entitlements of queer couples, illustrating how courts can facilitate rights protection through institutional mechanisms while respecting legislative domain.

  1. True
  2. False