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Fine-tuning adapts pre-trained LLMs to specific tasks with smaller datasets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Fine-tuning updates pre-trained model weights on task-specific data, enabling adaptation to domains like healthcare, legal, or customer service with limited labeled examples. Critical for practical LLM deployment.
Which architecture forms the foundation of modern Large Language Models like GPT and LLaMA?
- CNN
- RNN
- Transformer
- LSTM
Answer: Transformer
Transformer architecture (Vaswani et al., 2017) uses self-attention mechanisms to process sequences in parallel, enabling scaling to billions of parameters. Foundation for GPT, BERT, LLaMA, and other LLMs. Critical for understanding modern AI systems.
Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?
- Memory Management
- File System Management
- Compiling Source Code
- Process Scheduling
Answer: Compiling Source Code
Compiling source code is performed by compiler software (like GCC, javac), not the OS. OS functions include: process management, memory management, file system management, device management, security, and user interface. Compilers are application/system software that run ON the OS.
The feature that allows UPI users to pay by scanning a code displayed at merchant outlets is called ________ Code.
Answer: QR
QR (Quick Response) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores payment information. UPI apps can scan merchant QR codes to initiate payments instantly without entering account details. NPCI's Bharat QR is interoperable across banks and payment apps, promoting cashless transactions at small merchants.
Which technology enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual inputs like images and videos?
- NLP
- Computer Vision
- Speech Recognition
- Robotics
Answer: Computer Vision
Computer Vision enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world using cameras and AI algorithms. Applications include facial recognition, medical imaging analysis, autonomous vehicles, quality inspection, and augmented reality. Combines deep learning, image processing, and pattern recognition.
WWW and Internet are synonymous terms referring to the same technology.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Internet is the global network of interconnected computers using TCP/IP protocols. WWW (World Wide Web) is a service that runs on the internet, using HTTP/HTTPS to access interlinked hypertext documents. Other internet services include email, FTP, VoIP. Web is a subset of internet.
Which ISRO center is responsible for developing launch vehicles?
- VSSC
- URSC
- LPSC
- ISAC
Answer: VSSC
VSSC (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre), Thiruvananthapuram, is ISRO's lead center for launch vehicle development including PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3. URSC handles satellites, LPSC develops propulsion systems, ISAC integrates satellites. ISRO has multiple specialized centers across India.
A security measure that converts sensitive data into a fixed-size string of characters, which cannot be reversed, is called ________.
Answer: Hashing
Hashing transforms input data of any size into a fixed-length hash value using algorithms like SHA-256 or MD5. It is one-way (irreversible), used for password storage, data integrity verification, and digital signatures. Unlike encryption, hashed data cannot be decrypted to original form.
Which normal form eliminates transitive dependencies in database design?
- 1NF
- 2NF
- 3NF
- BCNF
Answer: 3NF
Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that a table is in 2NF and has no transitive dependencies (non-key attributes depending on other non-key attributes). This reduces redundancy and update anomalies. BCNF is a stricter version of 3NF handling certain edge cases in dependency relationships.
CoWIN platform was developed exclusively for COVID-19 vaccination management and cannot be repurposed for other health programs.
- True
- False
Answer: False
CoWIN is built on a modular, scalable architecture that can be repurposed for other immunization and health programs. The government has indicated plans to adapt CoWIN for routine vaccination drives, demonstrating the value of building flexible digital public infrastructure for healthcare delivery.
Which technology allows multiple users to share the same frequency band by assigning unique codes?
- FDMA
- TDMA
- CDMA
- OFDMA
Answer: CDMA
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously on same frequency by assigning unique spreading codes. Used in 3G networks. FDMA divides frequency, TDMA divides time slots, OFDMA (used in 4G/5G) combines frequency and time division with orthogonal subcarriers.
The concept where physical and digital worlds merge through smart devices and data exchange is called Industry ________.
Answer: 4.0
Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) integrates IoT, AI, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and real-time data analytics into manufacturing. Enables smart factories with predictive maintenance, mass customization, and autonomous decision-making. India's SAMARTH Udyog initiative promotes Industry 4.0 adoption in MSMEs.
Which key combination is commonly used to copy selected text in Windows?
- Ctrl+V
- Ctrl+X
- Ctrl+C
- Ctrl+Z
Answer: Ctrl+C
Ctrl+C copies selected content to clipboard. Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+X cuts (copy+delete), Ctrl+Z undoes last action. These keyboard shortcuts improve productivity across Windows applications. Mac uses Command (⌘) key instead of Ctrl for similar functions.
Antivirus software can detect and remove all types of malware with 100% accuracy.
- True
- False
Answer: False
No antivirus can guarantee 100% detection due to zero-day exploits, polymorphic malware, and advanced persistent threats. Effective security requires layered approach: updated AV, firewall, patches, user awareness, backups, and behavioral analysis. Regular updates improve detection but cannot eliminate all risks.
Which NPCI initiative enables bill payments across multiple categories through a single platform?
- UPI
- BBPS
- AePS
- IMPS
Answer: BBPS
BBPS (Bharat Bill Payment System) is an integrated bill payment platform by NPCI that enables customers to pay recurring bills (electricity, water, gas, DTH, telecom) through multiple channels (online, bank branches, BCs, CSCs). Offers interoperability, instant confirmation, and grievance redressal.
A private network within an organization that uses internet protocols but is accessible only to authorized users is called an ________.
Answer: Intranet
Intranet is a private network using TCP/IP protocols, accessible only to organization members. It hosts internal websites, documents, and applications. Extranet extends intranet to authorized external users (partners, vendors). Internet is the public global network. Firewalls protect intranets from external threats.
What is the name of ISRO's reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator?
- RLV-TD
- GSLV-F12
- PSLV-C56
- SSLV-D3
Answer: RLV-TD
RLV-TD (Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstrator) is ISRO's project to develop cost-effective access to space through reusable rocket technology. It tests hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, and powered cruise flight. Successful tests bring India closer to fully reusable launch systems.
Defragmenting a hard disk improves the performance of SSDs significantly.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Defragmentation rearranges fragmented files on HDDs to improve read/write speed. However, SSDs have no moving parts and access data electronically, so defragmentation provides no benefit and may reduce SSD lifespan due to unnecessary write cycles. Modern OS automatically disables defrag for SSDs.
Which technology uses distributed ledger to record transactions across multiple computers?
- Cloud Computing
- Blockchain
- Edge Computing
- Quantum Computing
Answer: Blockchain
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology where transactions are recorded across multiple nodes, making it tamper-resistant and transparent. Beyond cryptocurrencies, it's used in supply chain, voting, identity management, and smart contracts. Key features: immutability, consensus, cryptography.
The initiative that promotes domestic manufacturing of electronics in India is called ________ in India.
Answer: Make
Make in India, launched in 2014, aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub, with focus on 27 sectors including electronics, IT, and telecommunications. It encourages foreign investment, skill development, and innovation to boost domestic production and reduce imports.