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The e-Taal portal provides real-time statistics on e-governance transactions across government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Taal (Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis Layer) aggregates transaction data from government portals for monitoring and decision-making. Critical for digital governance analytics.
Which principle requires organizations to be transparent about data processing activities?
- Lawfulness
- Transparency
- Accountability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Lawfulness (legal basis), Transparency (clear communication), Accountability (demonstrate compliance). Core to DPDP/GDPR. Critical for privacy governance questions.
The practice of defining security policies as code for automated enforcement is called Security as ________.
- IPR / Intellectual Property Rights
- Code / Policy as Code
- Astra
- Model / Pipeline
Answer: Code / Policy as Code
Security as Code (Open Policy Agent, AWS Config Rules) defines policies in declarative code, enabling version control, testing, and automated enforcement. Critical for scalable security governance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing DevOps pipelines and CI/CD processes?
- DevSecOps Framework
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
DevSecOps integrates security into CI/CD: SAST, DAST, dependency scanning. NIST SP 800-204 covers microservices security including pipelines. Critical for secure software delivery.
The concept of 'frugal innovation' develops affordable, accessible solutions for resource-constrained environments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Frugal innovation (Jugaad) emphasizes simplicity, affordability, and sustainability. India's strength in healthcare, agriculture, and fintech. Critical for inclusive development questions.
Which role focuses on optimizing cloud costs and resource utilization?
- Cloud FinOps Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
- Solutions Architect
- All of these
Answer: All of these
FinOps specializes in cloud cost management; DevOps/Solutions roles include cost optimization. Critical for efficient cloud operations in cost-conscious environments.
The pattern that isolates external system interactions for testability is called ________ Pattern.
- Events / Messages
- Vector
- Code / Policy as Code
- Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Answer: Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Adapter/ACL patterns wrap external APIs, translating between internal models and external interfaces. Critical for maintainable integrations and testing.
Which database feature enables automatic scaling of read operations across replicas?
- Read Replicas
- Sharding
- Caching
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Read replicas offload queries; sharding distributes load; caching reduces database hits. Combined for scalable read-heavy workloads.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) reduces dependency on proprietary hardware by running network functions as software.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NFV virtualizes firewalls, load balancers, routers on commodity servers. Enables agility, cost reduction, and innovation. Critical for telecom modernization questions.
Which program supports rural innovation through technology and entrepreneurship?
- Village Entrepreneurship Program
- Digital Village Initiative
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programs under Digital India promote rural startups: CSCs for service delivery, agri-tech incubators. Critical for inclusive innovation questions.
The platform that enables online verification of educational certificates is called ________.
- ASVS / Application Security Verification Standard
- India
- AI-based / Machine Learning
- Academic Bank of Credits / DigiLocker
Answer: Academic Bank of Credits / DigiLocker
ABC stores academic credits digitally; DigiLocker stores certificates. Both enable instant verification for admissions, jobs, reducing fraud.
Which technique enables data minimization by collecting only necessary personal information?
- Purpose Limitation
- Data Minimization
- Storage Limitation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Purpose Limitation (collect for specified purpose), Data Minimization (only necessary data), Storage Limitation (retain no longer than needed). Core to DPDP/GDPR compliance.
Secrets management tools securely store and rotate credentials, API keys, and certificates.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Secrets managers (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager) encrypt, access-control, and auto-rotate secrets. Critical for preventing credential leaks and compliance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing software supply chains?
- NIST SP 800-161
- SLSA Framework
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-161 covers supply chain risk; SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts) defines integrity levels for build processes. Critical for secure software delivery questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on AI safety and governance is called Global Partnership on ________.
- Tokenization
- chmod
- Artificial Intelligence / GPAI
- e-Filing Portal
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / GPAI
GPAI (founded 2020) brings together experts for responsible AI development: research, policy, best practices. India is founding member. Critical for international AI governance questions.
Which certification validates expertise in cybersecurity governance and risk management?
- CISM
- CRISC
- CGRC
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CISM (management), CRISC (risk), CGRC (governance) validate leadership skills for security programs. Critical for CISO and governance roles.
Saga pattern manages distributed transactions across microservices using compensating actions for rollback.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saga breaks transactions into local steps with compensating actions for failures. Avoids distributed locks. Critical for consistency in microservices architectures.
Which database feature enables time-travel queries to access historical data states?
- Temporal Tables
- Point-in-Time Recovery
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Temporal Tables (SQL:2011) automatically track row history; PITR restores database to specific timestamp. Critical for audit, compliance, and debugging.
The protocol that enables automatic discovery of network services and devices is called ________ Discovery Protocol.
- kube-scheduler
- Worm
- LLDP / CDP
- ASVS / Application Security Verification Standard
Answer: LLDP / CDP
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) enable devices to advertise identity/capabilities. Critical for network management and troubleshooting.
Which initiative provides plug-and-play infrastructure for hardware startups?
- Electronics Manufacturing Clusters
- T-Hub Hardware Lab
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
EMCs offer shared facilities for electronics manufacturing; T-Hub Hardware Lab provides prototyping equipment. Critical for deep tech startup support.