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True or False: NMR spectroscopy uses radio waves to study the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) exploits nuclear spin in magnetic fields; radiofrequency pulses induce resonance. Used for molecular structure determination in chemistry and medicine (MRI). [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Under the Paris Agreement, Article 6 establishes mechanisms for:
- Climate finance only
- International carbon trading
- Technology transfer only
- Loss and damage funding
Answer: International carbon trading
Article 6 enables countries to cooperate via carbon markets (trading emission reductions) and non-market approaches to achieve NDCs. Critical for global climate mitigation. [[UNFCCC, MoEFCC Reports]]
MRI stands for Magnetic ________ Imaging.
- Resonance
- Radiation
- Reflection
- Refraction
Answer: Resonance
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to align hydrogen nuclei; resonance signals create detailed soft-tissue images. No ionizing radiation, unlike CT/X-rays. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: 6G technology is expected to operate in the terahertz (THz) frequency band.
- True
- False
Answer: True
6G (expected ~2030) aims for THz frequencies (0.1-10 THz), enabling ultra-high data rates, holographic communication, and AI-native networks. Research ongoing globally. [[TRAI, MeitY Reports]]
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process that:
- Amplifies DNA
- Silences gene expression
- Replicates RNA
- Translates proteins
Answer: Silences gene expression
RNAi uses siRNA/miRNA to degrade or block translation of specific mRNA, regulating genes. Applied in pest-resistant crops (e.g., RNAi cotton) and therapeutic research. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, DBT Reports]]
The Ostwald process is used for the industrial production of ________ acid.
- Sulfuric
- Nitric
- Phosphoric
- Hydrochloric
Answer: Nitric
Ostwald process: catalytic oxidation of NH₃ to NO, then to NO₂, absorbed in water to form HNO₃. Critical for fertilizers, explosives, and chemical synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: India's National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production by 2030.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched in 2023, the mission targets 5 MMT annual green hydrogen production, reducing fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions. Supports energy security and climate goals. [[MNRE Reports, NITI Aayog]]
Which instrument is used to measure the wavelength of light?
- Microscope
- Telescope
- Spectrometer
- Polarimeter
Answer: Spectrometer
Spectrometer disperses light into spectrum to measure wavelength, intensity, and spectral lines. Essential for atomic spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and astronomy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) aims to create a unified ________ infrastructure for healthcare.
- Insurance
- Digital
- Hospital
- Pharmacy
Answer: Digital
ABDM (2021) enables digital health IDs, electronic records, and interoperable systems for seamless healthcare access. Part of India's digital public infrastructure strategy. [[MoHFW, NHA Reports]]
True or False: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by identical immune cells cloned from a single parent cell.
- True
- False
Answer: True
mAbs are homogeneous antibodies targeting a single epitope, produced via hybridoma technology. Used in cancer therapy (e.g., Trastuzumab), diagnostics, and autoimmune diseases. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, ICMR Reports]]
Which reaction is used to prepare alkyl halides from alcohols using SOCl₂?
- Friedel-Crafts
- Sandmeyer
- Darzens
- Appel
Answer: Appel
Appel reaction: R-OH + SOCl₂/PPh₃ → R-Cl + SO₂ + POCl₃. Converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides under mild conditions. Important synthetic method in organic chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
CAMPA stands for Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and ________ Authority.
- Planning
- Policy
- Protection
- Preservation
Answer: Planning
CAMPA (2016) manages funds collected for diverting forest land for non-forest use. Ensures afforestation, ecosystem restoration, and tribal welfare. Critical for environmental governance. [[MoEFCC Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
True or False: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LASER produces coherent, monochromatic, directional light via stimulated emission. Applications: surgery, communication, barcode scanners, LIDAR. Fundamental modern physics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
What is the basic unit of information in quantum computing?
- Bit
- Qubit
- Byte
- Quantum gate
Answer: Qubit
Qubit (quantum bit) can exist in superposition (0 and 1 simultaneously), enabling parallel computation. Entanglement allows correlated qubit states. Potential to solve problems intractable for classical computers. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]
The One Health approach recognizes the interconnection between human health, animal health, and the ________.
- Climate
- Environment
- Economy
- Technology
Answer: Environment
One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral approach acknowledging that human, animal, and environmental health are linked. Critical for zoonotic disease prevention (e.g., COVID-19, Nipah). [[WHO, MoHFW Guidelines]]
True or False: Atom economy is a principle of green chemistry that measures the efficiency of a reaction by the fraction of reactant atoms incorporated into the final product.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Atom economy = (MW of desired product / MW of all reactants) × 100. High atom economy minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles for sustainable synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, MoEFCC Guidelines]]
Which device is used to amplify electrical signals?
- Diode
- Transistor
- Zener diode
- Photodiode
Answer: Transistor
Transistors (BJT/FET) amplify weak signals by controlling large output current with small input current/voltage. Foundation of modern electronics: radios, computers, smartphones. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
India's LiFE Mission stands for Lifestyle for ________.
- Environment
- Energy
- Ecology
- Earth
Answer: Environment
LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) was launched by PM Modi at COP26 (2021) to promote mindful consumption and sustainable living. It emphasizes individual actions for collective climate impact. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used for both gene editing and gene regulation without cutting DNA.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused with activators/repressors can regulate gene expression without DNA cleavage (CRISPRa/i). Standard Cas9 cuts DNA for editing. This versatility expands therapeutic applications. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission successfully landed near which lunar region?
- Lunar North Pole
- Lunar South Pole
- Mare Tranquillitatis
- Tycho Crater
Answer: Lunar South Pole
Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on August 23, 2023, making India the first nation to land in this scientifically significant region with potential water ice. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]