Polity – GK Questions

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polity medium Fill in the Blank GST Council - Weighted Voting Mechanism GST Council voting mechanism frequently asked in UPSC Prelims and Economics-Polity overlap exams

Under Article 279A, decisions of the GST Council are taken by a majority of not less than 3/4th of weighted votes, with the Union Government having ______ of total vote weight and all State Governments collectively having 2/3.

  1. one-fourth
  2. one-third
  3. one-half
  4. two-thirds
polity medium True/False CVC - Statutory Status and Functions CVC statutory status frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) was given statutory status by the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003, and functions as an apex body for vigilance administration, independent of executive control.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium MCQ 74th Amendment - Urban Local Bodies Functions 74th Amendment functions frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 added the 12th Schedule to the Constitution listing 18 functional items for Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities). Which of the following is NOT included in the 12th Schedule?

  1. Urban planning including town planning
  2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings
  3. Foreign affairs and defense
  4. Slum improvement and upgradation
polity medium Fill in the Blank 73rd Amendment - Panchayati Raj Reservation Women's reservation in Panchayats frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 mandates reservation for women in Panchayats at all levels (village, block, district) to the extent of not less than ______ of total seats, with rotation of reserved seats.

  1. 25%
  2. 33%
  3. 40%
  4. 50%
polity medium True/False Information Commissions - Independence Concerns RTI Amendment and independence frequently asked in UPSC and current affairs exams

The 2019 Amendment to the RTI Act changed the tenure and salary conditions of Information Commissioners to be prescribed by Central Government, raising concerns about executive influence on Information Commissions' independence.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Lokpal - Jurisdiction and Exemptions Lokpal jurisdiction critical for UPSC Mains and advanced SSC exams

Under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, the Prime Minister is brought under Lokpal's jurisdiction with exceptions relating to allegations concerning international relations, public order, atomic energy, space, and ______.

  1. economic policy
  2. personal misconduct
  3. administrative inefficiency
  4. corruption
polity medium Fill in the Blank NHRC - Powers and Limitations NHRC powers and limitations frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has powers of a civil court for inquiry but its recommendations are not binding on governments; implementation depends on executive action and ______ oversight.

  1. judicial
  2. legislative
  3. executive
  4. media
polity hard True/False CAG - Audit Jurisdiction and Limitations CAG audit jurisdiction frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) audits all receipts and expenditures of Union/State governments, but its reports are advisory and implementation of recommendations depends on executive/legislative action.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Finance Commission - Horizontal Devolution Criteria Finance Commission criteria critical for UPSC Prelims and SSC CGL Tier-2

The 15th Finance Commission (2020-25) used which NEW criterion in horizontal devolution to reward States for population control efforts?

  1. Forest cover
  2. Demographic performance
  3. Tax effort
  4. Area
polity medium Fill in the Blank UPSC - Constitutional Independence UPSC independence frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

Under Article 315-323, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is an independent constitutional body whose Chairman and members can be removed only by the ______ on grounds of misbehaviour after Supreme Court inquiry.

  1. Prime Minister
  2. President
  3. Parliament
  4. Chief Justice
polity medium True/False Election Commission - Model Code of Conduct Enforcement MCC enforcement mechanism frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) for elections is a statutory provision enforceable by courts, and violations can lead to criminal prosecution of candidates/parties.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Election Commission - Independence Safeguards Election Commission independence critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

Which constitutional provision ensures the independence of the Chief Election Commissioner by making their removal process similar to that of a Supreme Court Judge?

  1. Article 324(5)
  2. Article 329
  3. Article 243K
  4. Article 243ZA
polity hard True/False Article 21 - Right to Health and Traditional Knowledge Protection Traditional knowledge protection critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

The Supreme Court has recognized that right to health under Article 21 includes protection of traditional medical knowledge from biopiracy, requiring benefit-sharing with indigenous communities when their knowledge is commercialized.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Article 21 - Right to Dignity and Juvenile Justice Juvenile justice and dignity critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In juvenile justice, the Supreme Court has interpreted Article 21 to require rehabilitation over retribution for children in conflict with law. Which principle guides the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 in balancing accountability with child protection?

  1. Punitive deterrence for all offences regardless of age
  2. Best interests of child principle with graduated accountability based on age, maturity, offence severity
  3. Complete immunity from legal consequences for all juvenile offences
  4. Adult trial procedures for all serious offences regardless of age
polity hard Fill in the Blank Article 19 - Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech Regulation Hate speech regulation and proportionality critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

Freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) for hate speech, and courts apply ______ test to balance free speech with prevention of discrimination, violence against marginalized groups.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
polity medium True/False Article 21 - Right to Health and Mental Health Parity Mental health parity and right to health frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 requires insurance coverage for mental illness on par with physical illness, operationalizing right to health under Article 21 by ensuring mental health is not treated as secondary to physical health.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Article 21 - Right to Privacy and Workplace Surveillance Workplace surveillance and proportionality critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In balancing right to privacy under Article 21 with employer interests, courts apply proportionality test to workplace surveillance. Which surveillance practice would likely FAIL proportionality test?

  1. CCTV in common areas for security with notice to employees
  2. Continuous monitoring of employee emails without legitimate business purpose or notice
  3. Biometric attendance system with data protection safeguards
  4. Performance monitoring software with transparency and employee consent
polity hard Fill in the Blank Article 14 - Affirmative Action and 50% Ceiling Exception 50% ceiling exception critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In Indra Sawhney case (1992), the Supreme Court laid down 50% ceiling on total reservation, but held this ceiling can be exceeded in extraordinary situations reflecting ______ of a particular State or region.

  1. economic prosperity
  2. extraordinary backwardness
  3. political pressure
  4. administrative convenience
polity medium True/False Article 21 - Right to Health and Universal Health Coverage Universal health coverage and Article 21 frequently asked in UPSC and SSC exams

The Ayushman Bharat scheme operationalizes right to health under Article 21 by providing health insurance coverage to economically vulnerable families, reflecting the State's obligation to progressively realize right to health within resource constraints.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard MCQ Article 21 - Right to Dignity and Death Penalty Jurisprudence Death penalty jurisprudence critical for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams

In death penalty cases, the Supreme Court applies the 'rarest of rare' doctrine and requires consideration of aggravating/mitigating circumstances. Which factor is NOT typically considered a mitigating circumstance?

  1. Young age of accused at time of offence
  2. Mental illness or intellectual disability
  3. Heinous nature of crime with premeditation
  4. Possibility of reformation and rehabilitation