GK Questions

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polity hard true_false

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Supreme Court monitored government response to ensure right to health under Article 21, directing measures on oxygen supply, vaccine distribution, and migrant welfare while respecting executive domain on policy choices.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In S.G. Vombatkere v. Union of India (May 2022), the Supreme Court put on hold Section 124A IPC (sedition) and directed government review. The new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (effective July 2024) replaced sedition with a narrower provision requiring:

  1. Only criticism of government to be punishable
  2. Acts endangering sovereignty, unity, integrity of India with intent/tendency to incite violence or public disorder
  3. All dissent against government policies to be criminalized
  4. Complete abolition of any law against anti-national speech
polity medium fill_blank

The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 established the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) to provide free and competent legal services to eligible persons, operationalizing the constitutional commitment to access to justice under Article ______ and Article 39A.

  1. 14
  2. 19
  3. 21
  4. 32
polity hard true_false

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court held that right to dignity under Article 21 requires respect for sexual orientation, and discrimination based on sexual orientation violates Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

The reasonable classification test under Article 14 requires intelligible differentia and rational nexus with object sought. Which case applied this test to uphold OBC reservation while introducing the 'creamy layer' exclusion to ensure benefits reach neediest?

  1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
  2. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
  3. Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
  4. SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994)
polity hard fill_blank

In Puttaswamy case (2017), the Supreme Court recognized three dimensions of privacy under Article 21: spatial (control over physical space), decisional (autonomy over personal choices), and ______ (control over personal data).

  1. economic
  2. informational
  3. political
  4. cultural
polity medium true_false

Under Article 39A (inserted by 42nd Amendment) and Article 21, the Supreme Court in Hussainara Khatoon case held that free legal aid to poor accused is essential for procedural justice, leading to the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 establishing NALSA for free legal services.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In Common Cause v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized passive euthanasia and living wills (advance medical directives) as part of right to die with dignity under Article 21. Which safeguard was NOT included in the guidelines?

  1. Medical board certification of terminal illness/persistent vegetative state
  2. Judicial oversight for implementation of living will
  3. Mandatory family consent regardless of patient's prior directive
  4. Periodic review by hospital ethics committee
polity hard fill_blank

In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and expression over the internet is protected under Article 19(1)(a), and restrictions must satisfy the ______ test, requiring publication of orders, judicial review, and proportionality assessment.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
polity hard true_false

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court struck down instant triple talaq as violating Article 14 (right to equality), holding that constitutional values of gender equality override discriminatory religious customs.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh (January 2024), the Supreme Court upheld the power of States to create sub-classifications within Scheduled Castes reservation. This judgment overruled which earlier precedent and on what basis?

  1. Overruled Indra Sawhney (1992) for lacking quantifiable data
  2. Overruled E.V. Chinnaiah (2004) for preventing States from addressing intra-group inequalities
  3. Overruled M. Nagaraj (2006) for imposing excessive conditions on reservation in promotions
  4. Overruled Jarnail Singh (2018) for excluding creamy layer in SC promotions
polity hard fill_blank

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court recognized right to privacy as intrinsic to Article 21 and applied the ______ test to balance privacy rights with state interests in welfare delivery and national security.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
polity medium true_false

Despite the RTE Act mandating 25% reservation in private schools for EWS children, implementation challenges include reimbursement delays to schools, documentation hurdles for parents, and quality concerns regarding social integration and academic support.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979), the Supreme Court recognized right to speedy trial as part of Article 21. Which reform was NOT a direct outcome of this and subsequent judgments?

  1. Release of thousands of undertrial prisoners detained longer than maximum sentence
  2. Expansion of legal aid through Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
  3. Mandatory life imprisonment for all undertrials
  4. Prison reforms including humane treatment, rehabilitation programs
polity medium fill_blank

In Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Supreme Court held that right to livelihood is integral to right to life under Article 21 because no person can live without the means of living. This principle is operationalized through ______ which guarantees 100 days of wage employment per rural household.

  1. RTE Act
  2. NFSA
  3. MGNREGA
  4. PMAY
polity hard true_false

The Supreme Court has interpreted Article 21 to include right to clean environment, applying principles like sustainable development, precautionary principle, and polluter pays to balance development with ecological sustainability.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In which case did the Supreme Court first recognize right to health as part of right to life under Article 21, obligating the State to provide adequate medical facilities?

  1. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
  2. Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of West Bengal (1996)
  3. Parmanand Katara v. Union of India (1989)
  4. Consumer Education and Research Centre v. Union of India (1995)
polity hard true_false

For competitive exam success, understanding Indian federalism requires recognizing it as both a constitutional framework (dividing powers between Union and States) and a dynamic practice (evolving through judicial interpretation, legislative action, and democratic negotiation) — demanding integrated preparation combining text, cases, contemporary issues, and critical thinking.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

When answering federalism questions in UPSC Mains, which framework best demonstrates analytical depth and contemporary relevance?

  1. List constitutional articles without explanation
  2. Define concept, cite landmark cases, link to contemporary issues, critically analyze strengths/challenges, propose balanced solutions
  3. Only criticize current federal arrangements
  4. Only describe historical evolution without present-day application
polity easy fill_blank

Article 32, described by Dr. Ambedkar as the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution, empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, including mediating federal disputes between Union and States or between States under its original jurisdiction under Article ______.

  1. 131
  2. 132
  3. 133
  4. 134