GK Questions

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polity hard mcq

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act (1978) introduced key safeguards against misuse of Emergency provisions. Which of the following was NOT a safeguard introduced by this Amendment?

  1. 'Internal disturbance' replaced with 'armed rebellion' in Article 352
  2. Written advice of Cabinet required for Emergency proclamation
  3. Fundamental Rights under Articles 20-21 cannot be suspended during Emergency
  4. Emergency automatically expires after 3 months without Parliamentary renewal
polity hard fill_blank

Under Article 360, the President can proclaim a Financial Emergency if satisfied that financial stability/credit of India is threatened. Such proclamation must be approved by Parliament within ______ months, and enables Union to give directions to States on financial matters.

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 6
polity hard true_false

In SR Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held that the President's satisfaction under Article 356 for imposing President's Rule must be based on objective material and is subject to judicial review to prevent political misuse.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Under Article 352, the President can proclaim a National Emergency only on the written advice of the Cabinet, on grounds of:

  1. War, external aggression, or armed rebellion
  2. Internal disturbance only
  3. Economic crisis only
  4. Political instability only
polity medium true_false

Under Article 257, the Union can give directions to States for construction, maintenance of railways, national highways, and measures for protection of railways, reflecting cooperative federalism in infrastructure development.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium true_false

Under Article 263, the Inter-State Council can be established by Presidential order to inquire into and advise on disputes between States, subjects of common interest, and policy recommendations, promoting cooperative federalism through structured dialogue.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard fill_blank

Under Article 253, Parliament can legislate on any matter in the State List for implementing international agreements, treaties, or decisions of international conferences, enabling Union to fulfill international obligations even on State subjects.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium true_false

Under Article 270, taxes levied and collected by the Union but distributed between Union and States include income tax (excluding agricultural income) and corporation tax, with distribution per Finance Commission recommendations balancing equity and efficiency.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium true_false

Zonal Councils, established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, are statutory (not constitutional) bodies that promote inter-State cooperation on economic, social, and administrative issues within regions, complementing constitutional federal mechanisms.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium true_false

Under Article 154, the executive power of the State is vested in the Governor and exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him, but in practice, this power is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, with Governor acting on their aid and advice under Article 163.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Under Article 263, the Inter-State Council can be established by Presidential order to perform which of the following functions?

  1. Only adjudicate inter-State water disputes
  2. Inquire into and advise on disputes between States, investigate subjects of common interest, and make policy recommendations
  3. Replace State Legislatures in federal matters
  4. Appoint Governors for States
polity medium fill_blank

Under Article 268, duties like stamp duties on bills of exchange, etc., are levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the ______, reflecting shared fiscal federalism in indirect taxation.

  1. Union
  2. States
  3. local bodies
  4. Reserve Bank
polity medium true_false

Under Article 256, States are obligated to exercise their executive power to ensure compliance with Union laws, and the Union can give directions to States for this purpose, reflecting cooperative federalism in administrative relations.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

Under Article 246 read with Seventh Schedule, which List contains subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate, with Union law prevailing in case of conflict?

  1. Union List (List I)
  2. State List (List II)
  3. Concurrent List (List III)
  4. Residuary List
polity hard mcq

Which statement best captures the role of landmark constitutional cases in Indian constitutionalism for competitive exam preparation?

  1. Landmark cases are historical artifacts with no contemporary relevance
  2. Landmark cases provide applied understanding of constitutional principles, demonstrating how abstract values guide interpretation, adaptation, and rights protection in evolving societal contexts
  3. Landmark cases only matter for Judiciary exams, not UPSC Prelims/Mains
  4. Landmark cases should be memorized verbatim without understanding underlying principles
polity hard fill_blank

In Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized that marital relationships involve individual ______ protected under Article 21, and State cannot criminalize private consensual conduct within this domain without compelling justification.

  1. surveillance
  2. autonomy
  3. regulation
  4. control
polity medium true_false

In Supriyo v. Union of India (2023), the Supreme Court directed the Central Government to constitute a high-level committee to examine rights and entitlements of queer couples, illustrating how courts can facilitate rights protection through institutional mechanisms while respecting legislative domain.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard mcq

In Anuradha Bhasis v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court required publication of internet shutdown orders primarily to enable:

  1. Government propaganda and public relations
  2. Transparency, judicial review, and public scrutiny of restrictions on digital rights
  3. Immediate implementation without challenge
  4. Exclusive access for government officials only
polity hard fill_blank

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court applied Constitutional Morality to hold that constitutional values of gender equality override discriminatory religious customs, illustrating that ______ morality prevails over social morality in matters affecting fundamental rights.

  1. traditional
  2. Constitutional
  3. religious
  4. cultural
polity hard true_false

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized human dignity as foundational principle underlying Fundamental Rights, and held that discrimination based on sexual orientation violates dignity under Article 21.

  1. True
  2. False