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Which of the following is NOT a biodiversity hotspot in India?
- Western Ghats
- Eastern Himalayas
- Sundaland
- Thar Desert
Answer: Thar Desert
India has four hotspots: Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Western Ghats. Thar Desert, while ecologically important, isn't classified as a hotspot (requires >1,500 endemic plants and >70% habitat loss). [[MoEFCC, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its ________.
- Energy
- Momentum
- Mass
- Velocity
Answer: Momentum
de Broglie hypothesis: λ = h/p, where p = momentum. Establishes wave-particle duality for matter. Verified by electron diffraction experiments. Foundational quantum mechanics. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: Homologous organs indicate common ancestry.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Homologous structures (e.g., human arm, bat wing, whale flipper) share similar bone structure but different functions, indicating divergent evolution from common ancestor. Key evidence for evolution. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Which Indian state has the highest installed wind power capacity?
- Gujarat
- Tamil Nadu
- Maharashtra
- Rajasthan
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu leads in wind energy (~10 GW), leveraging coastal winds. India ranks 4th globally in wind power. Important for energy and current affairs sections. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
For a zero-order reaction, the unit of rate constant is ________.
- s⁻¹
- mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
- L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹
- mol² L⁻² s⁻¹
Answer: mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
Zero-order: rate = k, so k has same units as rate (concentration/time). First-order: s⁻¹; Second-order: L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. Unit analysis helps identify reaction order. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Fleming's left-hand rule is used to find the direction of induced current.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Fleming's left-hand rule: for motors (force on current-carrying conductor). Right-hand rule: for generators (induced current). Mnemonic: 'Left for Motor, Right for Generator'. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Golgi apparatus
Answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration (Krebs cycle, ETC). They have their own DNA and ribosomes, supporting endosymbiotic theory. Fundamental cell biology concept. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
El Niño is a climate pattern associated with warming of waters in the ________ Ocean.
- Atlantic
- Indian
- Pacific
- Arctic
Answer: Pacific
El Niño involves unusual warming of central/eastern tropical Pacific, disrupting global weather (monsoons, droughts, floods). La Niña is the cooling phase. Important for geography. [[IMD Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
True or False: Colligative properties depend on the nature of solute particles.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Colligative properties (vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, etc.) depend only on number of solute particles, not their identity. Important for solution chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Which AI technique enables computers to learn from data without explicit programming?
- Expert Systems
- Machine Learning
- Robotics
- Natural Language Processing
Answer: Machine Learning
Machine Learning algorithms identify patterns in data to make predictions/decisions. Subfields include supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning. Key emerging technology topic. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]
The pacemaker of the human heart is the ________ node.
- AV
- SA
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje
Answer: SA
SA (sinoatrial) node in right atrium generates electrical impulses initiating heartbeat (~72/min). AV node delays signal for atrial contraction. Critical for circulatory system understanding. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Angular momentum is conserved when net external torque is zero.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Conservation of angular momentum: if τ_ext = 0, L = constant. Explains ice-skater spin, planetary motion, gyroscopes. Fundamental rotational dynamics principle. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Which sugar is present in RNA?
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
Answer: Ribose
RNA contains ribose sugar (with -OH at 2' carbon); DNA has deoxyribose (-H at 2' carbon). This structural difference affects stability and function of nucleic acids. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The National Air Quality Index (NAQI) in India uses ________ color codes to represent air quality levels.
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
Answer: 6
NAQI has six categories: Good (Green), Satisfactory (Light Green), Moderately Polluted (Yellow), Poor (Orange), Very Poor (Red), Severe (Maroon). Helps public understand pollution levels. [[CPCB Guidelines]]
True or False: A food chain always starts with herbivores.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Food chains start with producers (autotrophs like plants) that convert solar energy to chemical energy. Herbivores are primary consumers. Understanding trophic levels is fundamental. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Young's double-slit experiment demonstrates the ________ nature of light.
- Particle
- Wave
- Dual
- Electromagnetic
Answer: Wave
Interference fringes in Young's experiment confirm light's wave nature (superposition principle). Photoelectric effect shows particle nature. Together they establish wave-particle duality. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
The coordination number of cobalt in [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ is ________.
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
Answer: 6
Coordination number = number of ligand donor atoms bonded to central metal. Here, six NH₃ molecules coordinate to Co³⁺, giving octahedral geometry. Key concept in Werner's theory. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: UMANG app provides access to multiple central and state government services.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a single-window platform for 1,200+ services (Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, etc.). Part of Digital India for citizen convenience. [[MeitY Reports]]
Which disease is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito?
- Dengue
- Malaria
- Chikungunya
- Zika
Answer: Malaria
Female Anopheles mosquito transmits Plasmodium parasites causing malaria. Dengue/Zika are spread by Aedes aegypti. Vector-borne disease knowledge is vital for health sections. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, NVBDCP Guidelines]]
A device that converts AC to DC is called a ________.
- Transformer
- Rectifier
- Inverter
- Amplifier
Answer: Rectifier
Rectifiers (using diodes) convert alternating current to direct current. Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers are basic power supply components. Essential for electronics fundamentals. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]