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Generate QuizMedium Level – GK Questions
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Canary deployments release new model versions to small user subsets before full rollout.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Canary deployment minimizes risk by gradually expanding model exposure, monitoring metrics, and rolling back if issues arise. Critical for safe ML system updates in production.
Which practice detects when model performance degrades due to changing data distributions?
- Data Drift Detection
- Concept Drift Detection
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Data drift: input feature distribution changes; concept drift: relationship between features and target changes. Monitoring both enables timely model retraining. Critical for production ML reliability.
LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) fine-tunes large models by updating small rank decomposition matrices.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LoRA adds low-rank matrices to weight updates, reducing trainable parameters by 100-1000x vs full fine-tuning. Enables efficient adaptation of LLMs on consumer hardware. Critical for resource-constrained AI.
Which technique enables LLMs to answer questions by retrieving relevant documents?
- Fine-tuning
- RAG
- Prompt Engineering
- All of these
Answer: RAG
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines LLMs with vector database retrieval, grounding responses in verified sources. Reduces hallucinations and enables knowledge updates without retraining.
The international organization that develops global internet standards is called World Wide Web ________.
- India
- Observability
- Consortium / W3C
- Academic Bank of Credits / DigiLocker
Answer: Consortium / W3C
W3C develops web standards: HTML, CSS, XML, accessibility guidelines. Ensures interoperability and innovation on the web. India participates through W3C India office. Critical for web policy questions.
Data localization requirements mandate storing certain data within national borders for sovereignty.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data localization (RBI payment data, DPDP Act provisions) ensures law enforcement access, reduces foreign surveillance risks. Balances sovereignty with global data flow needs. Critical for policy questions.
Which initiative promotes open-source software for public sector digital transformation?
- Digital India
- FOSS Policy
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Digital India encourages FOSS adoption for cost-effectiveness, security, and vendor independence. MeitY's FOSS policy provides guidelines for government use. Critical for sustainable digital governance.
The Indian policy framework for responsible AI development is called National Strategy for ________.
- Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
- Precision
- -a
- Chandrayaan
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
#AIforAll strategy (NITI Aayog) focuses on leveraging AI for inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, education. Emphasizes research, skilling, data governance, and ethical principles.
Explainable AI techniques help stakeholders understand model predictions for trust and compliance.
- True
- False
Answer: True
XAI methods (SHAP, LIME, attention visualization) provide interpretable explanations for AI decisions. Critical for regulated sectors (finance, healthcare) and user acceptance.
Which visualization shows relationship between two continuous variables?
- Bar Chart
- Histogram
- Scatter Plot
- Pie Chart
Answer: Scatter Plot
Scatter plots display individual data points for two variables, revealing correlations, clusters, and outliers. Foundation for regression analysis and exploratory data science.
The metric that balances precision and recall for imbalanced classification is called ________ Score.
- F1
- L
- O-RAN
- OECD
Answer: F1
F1 Score = 2 * (Precision * Recall) / (Precision + Recall). Harmonic mean balancing false positives and false negatives. Critical for evaluating models on imbalanced datasets.
Which technique splits data into training, validation, and test sets to prevent overfitting?
- Cross-Validation
- Holdout Method
- Bootstrap
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Data splitting strategies: holdout (simple split), cross-validation (multiple folds), bootstrap (resampling). Critical for reliable model evaluation and generalization assessment.
Serverless computing charges based on actual execution time rather than provisioned capacity.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Serverless (Lambda, Cloud Functions) uses pay-per-execution pricing, auto-scaling from zero. Trade-offs: cold starts, execution limits, vendor lock-in. Critical for cost-optimized cloud architectures.
The pattern of distributing application components across availability zones for resilience is called ________ Deployment.
- Parquet
- Footprint / Intensity
- CARTOSAT / EOS
- Multi-AZ / High-Availability
Answer: Multi-AZ / High-Availability
Multi-AZ deployment distributes resources across physically separate data centers within a region, protecting against zone failures. Critical for business continuity and SLA compliance.
Which service model provides managed Kubernetes for container orchestration?
- IaaS
- PaaS
- CaaS
- SaaS
Answer: CaaS
CaaS (Container as a Service) provides managed Kubernetes (EKS, AKS, GKE) for container deployment, scaling, and management. Abstracts infrastructure while retaining control. Critical for cloud-native development.
Deception technology uses honeypots to detect and study attacker behavior.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Deception deploys fake assets (servers, credentials) to lure attackers, enabling early detection and threat intelligence. Critical for proactive defense against advanced adversaries.
The framework that categorizes adversary tactics and techniques for threat modeling is called ________.
- Horizontal
- h+1
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Self-Healing
Answer: MITRE ATT&CK
MITRE ATT&CK matrix catalogs adversary TTPs across enterprise, cloud, mobile. Enables threat-informed defense, detection engineering, and red teaming. Critical for mature security operations.
Which detection method identifies threats by analyzing behavior patterns rather than known signatures?
- Signature-based
- Anomaly-based
- Heuristic
- All of these
Answer: Anomaly-based
Anomaly detection establishes baselines of normal behavior and flags deviations, enabling zero-day threat detection. Critical for advanced threat protection in modern SOCs.
Feature stores enable consistent feature computation across training and serving pipelines.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Feature stores (Feast, Tecton) manage feature engineering, versioning, and serving, preventing training-serving skew. Critical for reliable ML system performance in production.
Which practice ensures ML models are tested for fairness and bias before deployment?
- Model Cards
- Fairness Audits
- A/B Testing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Responsible MLOps: model cards document limitations, fairness audits detect bias across groups, A/B testing validates real-world impact. Critical for ethical AI deployment.