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Membership inference attacks determine whether specific individuals were in a model's training data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Membership inference exploits model confidence scores to infer training data membership. Mitigation: differential privacy, regularization, output perturbation.
Which technique detects when ML model performance degrades due to changing data distributions?
- Data Drift Detection
- Concept Drift Detection
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Data drift: input feature distribution changes; concept drift: relationship between features and target changes. Monitoring both enables timely model retraining.
The Indian government's initiative for promoting semiconductor manufacturing is called India ________ Mission.
- Label / One-Hot
- Healthcare Professionals
- Semiconductor
- Graphene
Answer: Semiconductor
India Semiconductor Mission implements ₹76,000 crore incentive scheme for semiconductor fabs, display fabs, ATMP, design ecosystem.
The program that supports student innovation through grants and mentorship in educational institutions is called Atal ________ Labs.
- margin
- Tinkering
- Hunting
- Classification
Answer: Tinkering
Atal Tinkering Labs provide makerspaces with tools for students to innovate. Fosters creativity, problem-solving, entrepreneurship from school level.
The framework that provides guidelines for software security testing is called OWASP ________.
- BharatKosh / e-Payments
- ASVS / Application Security Verification Standard
- Booting
- Virtualization / NFV
Answer: ASVS / Application Security Verification Standard
OWASP ASVS provides security requirements and testing guidelines for web applications. Critical for secure software development lifecycle.
The technique that replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents while preserving format is called ________.
- Government Securities / G-Sec
- Shor's
- Tokenization
- Worm
Answer: Tokenization
Tokenization replaces sensitive values with format-preserving tokens, reversible via secure vault. Used in payments, healthcare for PCI-DSS compliance.
The Right to Erasure allows individuals to request deletion of their personal data under DPDP Act.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) allows individuals to request deletion when data no longer necessary or consent withdrawn. Critical for privacy compliance.
Data poisoning attacks manipulate training data to compromise model behavior during inference.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data poisoning injects malicious samples into training data to cause targeted misclassifications or backdoors. Mitigation: data validation, robust training, anomaly detection.
Which technique protects ML models from adversarial attacks by training with perturbed inputs?
- Adversarial Training
- Defensive Distillation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Adversarial training includes adversarial examples in training data; defensive distillation smooths model outputs. Both improve robustness against adversarial attacks.
The pattern of gradually shifting traffic between application versions for safe deployments is called ________ Release.
- Circular
- Frequency
- IPR / Intellectual Property Rights
- Canary
Answer: Canary
Canary Release deploys new version to small user subset, monitors metrics, gradually expands if stable. Reduces risk vs big-bang releases.
The Indian mission that successfully demonstrated in-orbit docking technology in 2024 is called ________.
- SPADEX
- MQTT
- FIU-IND
- NIDHI
Answer: SPADEX
SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) successfully demonstrated autonomous rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft in Earth orbit.
The Hyderabad-based initiative that is India's largest startup incubator is called ________.
- Offline
- Tokenization
- Multimodal Learning
- T-Hub
Answer: T-Hub
T-Hub (Telangana) is India's largest innovation campus, connecting startups with corporates, investors, mentors. Supports deep tech, healthtech, enterprise solutions.
Which technology enables real-time monitoring of renewable energy generation for grid balancing?
- SCADA
- IoT Sensors
- AI Forecasting
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Renewable integration combines SCADA for control, IoT sensors for real-time data, AI forecasting for generation prediction. Critical for grid stability with high renewable penetration.
Which ISRO mission is designed to study Venus's atmosphere and surface?
- Shukrayaan-1
- Mangalyaan-2
- Aditya-L2
- Gaganyaan-2
Answer: Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is India's planned Venus orbiter mission (target launch ~2028) to study the planet's thick atmosphere, surface processes, and solar wind interactions.
The frequency band used for high-bandwidth satellite internet with higher rain attenuation is ________-band.
- Artificial Intelligence
- Ka
- Virtualization
- Modernisation Programme / DILRMP
Answer: Ka
Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) offers high bandwidth for satellite broadband but susceptible to rain attenuation. Requires adaptive coding and ground station diversity.
The authority that adjudicates disputes under the DPDP Act 2023 is called Data Protection ________ of India.
- Platform
- Oxygen / ISRU
- Board
- Artemis
Answer: Board
Data Protection Board of India is independent regulatory body established under DPDP Act 2023 to adjudicate disputes, impose penalties, enforce compliance.
The DPDP Act 2023 applies extraterritorially to processing related to Indian individuals.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act governs processing of digital personal data: (1) within India, and (2) outside India if offering goods/services or profiling individuals in India.
Model inversion attacks reconstruct training data from model outputs, posing privacy risks.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Model inversion exploits model predictions to infer sensitive training data attributes. Mitigation: differential privacy, output perturbation, access controls. Critical for privacy-preserving ML.
Which cloud pattern enables automatic failover between regions for high availability?
- Multi-Region Active-Active
- Pilot Light
- Warm Standby
- Backup and Restore
Answer: Multi-Region Active-Active
Active-active architecture runs full workload in multiple regions simultaneously, enabling instant failover with zero RPO/RTO. Critical for mission-critical systems requiring maximum resilience.
A security event that compromises the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of data is called a ________.
- RTI Online
- Function
- Breach
- kube-scheduler
Answer: Breach
Security Breach is an incident where unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, or destruction of data occurs. Requires immediate containment, investigation, notification (as per laws like DPDP Act 2023), and remediation. Prevention: defense-in-depth, monitoring, incident response planning, and employee training.