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GAGAN is an augmentation system for which global navigation system?
- GLONASS
- GPS
- Galileo
- BeiDou
Answer: GPS
GAGAN (GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation) enhances GPS accuracy for aviation and other applications over India using geostationary satellites.
What is the closest star to the Sun?
- Sirius
- Proxima Centauri
- Alpha Centauri A
- Barnard's Star
Answer: Proxima Centauri
Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star located about 4.24 light-years from the Sun, making it the nearest known star to our solar system.
Which Indian satellite provides exclusive services for disaster management support?
- Resourcesat
- Cartosat
- INSAT-3DR
- EOS-04
Answer: INSAT-3DR
INSAT-3DR and INSAT-3DS are dedicated meteorological satellites with enhanced capabilities for disaster monitoring, cyclone tracking, and search-and-rescue support.
Enceladus, known for its water vapor plumes, is a moon of which planet?
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
Answer: Saturn
Enceladus ejects water vapor and ice particles from fractures near its south pole, indicating a subsurface ocean. It is a key target for astrobiology.
The Perseverance rover landed in which crater on Mars in February 2021?
- Gale Crater
- Jezero Crater
- Endeavour Crater
- Victoria Crater
Answer: Jezero Crater
Perseverance landed in Jezero Crater, an ancient river delta site chosen for its potential to preserve biosignatures and organic molecules.
Which ISRO launch vehicle was used to launch Chandrayaan-1?
- ASLV
- PSLV-C11
- GSLV Mk II
- LVM3
Answer: PSLV-C11
Chandrayaan-1 was launched aboard PSLV-C11 on October 22, 2008, from Sriharikota. PSLV-XL variant was used for heavier payload capacity.
The Pleiades star cluster is also commonly known as the _______.
- Seven Sisters
- Big Dipper
- Southern Cross
- Hunter's Belt
Answer: Seven Sisters
The Pleiades, or Messier 45, is an open star cluster in Taurus, traditionally called the Seven Sisters in Greek mythology and many cultures worldwide.
Chandrayaan-3's Pragyan rover confirmed the presence of which element on the lunar surface near the south pole?
- Gold
- Sulphur
- Uranium
- Platinum
Answer: Sulphur
Pragyan's LIBS instrument unambiguously detected Sulphur (S) in the lunar regolith near the south pole, along with Aluminum, Calcium, Iron, Chromium, Titanium, Manganese, Silicon, and Oxygen.
Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano in the solar system, is located on which planet?
- Earth
- Venus
- Mars
- Io
Answer: Mars
Olympus Mons on Mars stands about 22 km high, nearly three times the height of Mount Everest, making it the largest known volcano in the solar system.
Which U.S. President announced the goal of landing a man on the Moon before the decade was out?
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- John F. Kennedy
- Lyndon B. Johnson
- Richard Nixon
Answer: John F. Kennedy
President John F. Kennedy declared this goal in a speech to Congress on May 25, 1961, initiating the Apollo program that culminated in the 1969 Moon landing.
The crew escape system tested for Gaganyaan is designed to pull the crew module away safely during which phase?
- Re-entry only
- Launch abort scenarios
- Orbital operations
- Landing
Answer: Launch abort scenarios
The Crew Escape System (CES) is designed to rapidly separate the crew module from the launch vehicle in case of emergencies during ascent, ensuring astronaut safety.
Trojan asteroids share their orbit with which planet?
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Earth
Answer: Jupiter
Jupiter trojans are asteroids that share Jupiter's orbit around the Sun, clustered near the stable Lagrange points L4 and L5, 60° ahead and behind the planet.
Dark matter constitutes approximately what percentage of the total mass-energy content of the universe?
- 5%
- 27%
- 68%
- 95%
Answer: 27%
Current cosmological models estimate dark matter makes up ~27% of the universe, dark energy ~68%, and ordinary (baryonic) matter ~5%.
Which mission successfully landed on Titan, Saturn's moon, in 2005?
- Cassini
- Huygens
- Galileo
- Juno
Answer: Huygens
The Huygens probe, part of the Cassini-Huygens mission, landed on Titan on January 14, 2005, providing the first direct data from the outer solar system's surface.
NavIC signals are compatible with which frequency bands?
- L1 only
- L5 and S-band
- L2 and L5
- S-band only
Answer: L5 and S-band
NavIC transmits navigation signals in the L5 band (1176.45 MHz) and S-band (2492.028 MHz). Future satellites may include L1 band compatibility for wider civilian use.
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way classified as?
- Elliptical
- Irregular
- Barred Spiral
- Lenticular
Answer: Barred Spiral
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, characterized by a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars, from which spiral arms extend.
Which stage of PSLV uses solid propellant?
- Only first stage
- First and third stages
- Second and fourth stages
- All stages
Answer: First and third stages
PSLV is a four-stage vehicle alternating between solid and liquid propulsion. The first (PS1) and third (PS3) stages use solid propellants, while the second (PS2) and fourth (PS4) use liquid propellants.
The Oort Cloud is theorized to be the source of which type of comets?
- Short-period comets
- Long-period comets
- Asteroids
- Meteoroids
Answer: Long-period comets
The Oort Cloud is a hypothetical spherical shell of icy objects surrounding the solar system at distances up to 100,000 AU. It is believed to be the reservoir of long-period comets.
India became which numbered country/agency to successfully reach Mars orbit on its first attempt?
- First
- Second
- Third
- Fourth
Answer: First
With Mangalyaan's success in 2014, ISRO became the first space agency in the world to reach Mars orbit on its maiden attempt. Previous attempts by USA, USSR, and others had failures before success.
What is the approximate altitude of the International Space Station (ISS) above Earth?
- 200 km
- 400 km
- 800 km
- 36,000 km
Answer: 400 km
The ISS orbits at an average altitude of approximately 400 km in Low Earth Orbit, traveling at about 7.66 km/s.