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Which UN body serves as the primary forum for international climate change negotiations?
- UNEP
- UNFCCC
- IPCC
- WMO
Answer: UNFCCC
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) organizes the annual COP conferences to negotiate climate agreements.
The famous Silent Valley movement in Kerala was primarily a successful campaign against:
- Bauxite mining
- A proposed hydroelectric project
- Commercial logging
- A nuclear power plant
Answer: A proposed hydroelectric project
The movement successfully opposed a dam on the Kunthipuzha River that would have submerged the pristine Silent Valley evergreen forest.
Medha Patkar is a prominent Indian social activist most closely associated with which environmental movement?
- Chipko Movement
- Appiko Movement
- Narmada Bachao Andolan
- Silent Valley Movement
Answer: Narmada Bachao Andolan
Medha Patkar led the Narmada Bachao Andolan, protesting against the large dam projects across the Narmada river and displacement of tribals.
Which of the following international organizations publishes the biennial 'Living Planet Report'?
- UNEP
- WWF
- Greenpeace
- IUCN
Answer: WWF
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) publishes the Living Planet Report, measuring the state of global biological diversity.
Where is the global headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) located?
- Geneva, Switzerland
- New York, USA
- Nairobi, Kenya
- Paris, France
Answer: Nairobi, Kenya
UNEP is the only UN headquarters located in a developing country, situated in Nairobi, Kenya.
Which of the following is categorized as a non-renewable fossil fuel?
- Uranium
- Hydrogen
- Coal
- Biomass
Answer: Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from plant remains and cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity. Tides are primarily caused by:
- Earth's rotation and solar winds
- Gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun
- Ocean currents and underwater volcanoes
- Thermal expansion of ocean water
Answer: Gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun
Tides are generated by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, with the Moon having the dominant effect.
As of recent global statistics, which country has the largest installed capacity of wind power?
- United States
- Germany
- China
- India
Answer: China
China leads the world by a significant margin in both onshore and offshore installed wind power capacity.
Biogas, produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily consists of which gas?
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Methane
- Carbon Monoxide
Answer: Methane
Biogas is predominantly composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide, making it a highly combustible fuel.
Which of the following is classified as a non-conventional (renewable) source of energy?
- Coal
- Natural Gas
- Solar Energy
- Petroleum
Answer: Solar Energy
Solar energy is continuously replenished by the sun, making it a renewable and non-conventional source of energy.
Which of the following is the largest National Park in India by total area?
- Kanha National Park
- Namdapha National Park
- Hemis National Park
- Gangotri National Park
Answer: Hemis National Park
Hemis National Park in Ladakh is the largest national park in India, covering an area of over 4,400 sq km.
Ranthambore National Park, a famous tiger reserve, is located in which Indian state?
- Madhya Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh
- Rajasthan
- Gujarat
Answer: Rajasthan
Ranthambore is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan.
The Sundarbans mangrove forest is one of the largest reserves for which apex predator?
- Asiatic Lion
- Indian Leopard
- Royal Bengal Tiger
- Cheetah
Answer: Royal Bengal Tiger
The Sundarbans, spanning India and Bangladesh, is famous for its unique population of swimming Royal Bengal Tigers.
Which National Park in India is the primary habitat of the endangered Hangul (Kashmir Stag)?
- Kanha National Park
- Hemis National Park
- Dachigam National Park
- Great Himalayan National Park
Answer: Dachigam National Park
Dachigam National Park, located near Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, is the last major refuge of the Hangul.
Kaziranga National Park in Assam is globally famous for hosting the largest population of:
- Royal Bengal Tiger
- Asiatic Lion
- One-horned Rhinoceros
- Snow Leopard
Answer: One-horned Rhinoceros
Kaziranga is a World Heritage Site that hosts about two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses.
The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Its core focus is:
- Conservation of Marine Biodiversity
- Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
- Prevention of Invasive Alien Species
- Protection of Indigenous Tribes
Answer: Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
The Nagoya Protocol aims to share the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way.
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action adopted at the Earth Summit in 1992. It is primarily related to:
- Nuclear Disarmament
- Global Sustainable Development
- Protection of the High Seas
- Space Exploration
Answer: Global Sustainable Development
Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntary action plan of the UN with regard to sustainable development globally, nationally, and locally.
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 is popularly known as the:
- Kyoto Summit
- Earth Summit
- Copenhagen Summit
- Paris Summit
Answer: Earth Summit
The 1992 Rio conference is widely referred to as the Earth Summit, leading to the creation of the UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD.
CITES is an international agreement between governments. What does it aim to regulate?
- Deep-sea mining
- International trade in specimens of wild animals and plants
- Emissions from shipping vessels
- Use of nuclear energy
Answer: International trade in specimens of wild animals and plants
CITES ensures that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species.
The Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971, is an international treaty primarily focused on the conservation of:
- Migratory Birds
- Wetlands
- Endangered Flora
- Ozone Layer
Answer: Wetlands
The Ramsar Convention provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands.