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Which is the capital of Ireland?
- Belfast
- Dublin
- Cork
- Galway
Answer: Dublin
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland, located on the east coast at the mouth of the River Liffey. It is known for its literary heritage (Joyce, Yeats), Guinness brewery, and vibrant culture. Dublin is a major European tech hub.
The Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuity is another name for the core-mantle boundary.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuity (commonly called Gutenberg discontinuity) at about 2,900 km depth marks the boundary between Earth's mantle and outer core. Named after seismologists Emil Wiechert and Beno Gutenberg.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of banana?
- Andhra Pradesh
- Gujarat
- Maharashtra
- Tamil Nadu
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of banana in India, contributing about 20% of national production. Major banana-growing districts are Krishna, Godavari, and Chittoor. India is the world's largest banana producer.
The _______ is the least densely populated state in India.
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Sikkim
- Mizoram
- Nagaland
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh is the least densely populated state in India (17 persons per sq km as per 2011 Census), due to its mountainous terrain and forest cover. It shares borders with China, Myanmar, and Bhutan, making it strategically important.
Which river is known as the 'River of Sorrows' in Bangladesh?
- Padma
- Jamuna
- Brahmaputra
- Meghna
Answer: Brahmaputra
The Brahmaputra River (called Jamuna in Bangladesh) is known as the 'River of Sorrows' due to its devastating floods that affect millions. The river carries heavy silt load from the Himalayas, raising its bed and causing frequent course changes.
The Rajmahal Hills are located in Jharkhand.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Rajmahal Hills are located in Jharkhand, formed by volcanic activity during the Jurassic period. They are part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and are rich in coal and other minerals. The hills are named after the town of Rajmahal.
Which sanctuary is famous for the Indian pangolin?
- Satkosia
- Simlipal
- Hadgarh
- All of these
Answer: All of these
All three sanctuaries in Odisha—Satkosia, Simlipal, and Hadgarh—are important habitats for the endangered Indian pangolin. This scaly anteater is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act. Conservation efforts focus on anti-poaching and habitat protection.
The _______ is the largest lake in South America.
- Lake Titicaca
- Lake Maracaibo
- Lake Buenos Aires
- Lagoa dos Patos
Answer: Lake Maracaibo
Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela is the largest lake in South America by surface area (13,210 sq km). Though technically a tidal bay, it is commonly called a lake. It is connected to the Caribbean Sea and is rich in oil reserves.
Which factor causes 'Norwesters' in Eastern India?
- Western Disturbances
- Local convection
- Bay of Bengal moisture
- Both B and C
Answer: Both B and C
Norwesters (Kal Baisakhi) in Eastern India are caused by local convection combined with moisture from the Bay of Bengal. These evening thunderstorms occur in April-May, bringing heavy rain, lightning, and strong winds that relieve pre-monsoon heat.
The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Andes in South America is the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching about 7,000 km along the western coast. It passes through seven countries and includes Aconcagua, the highest peak outside Asia.
Which is India's first commercial biofuel plant location?
- Assam
- Haryana
- Gujarat
- Tamil Nadu
Answer: Haryana
India's first commercial biofuel plant was established in Haryana (Panipat) by Indian Oil Corporation. It produces ethanol from agricultural residues. Biofuels are renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, supporting energy security and rural economy.
The _______ is the largest cave temple in India dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Ajanta
- Ellora Kailasa
- Elephanta
- Badami
Answer: Ellora Kailasa
The Kailasa Temple at Ellora Caves in Maharashtra is the largest monolithic rock-cut temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. Carved from a single rock in the 8th century, it is an architectural marvel and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Which is the capital of Belgium?
- Antwerp
- Brussels
- Ghent
- Bruges
Answer: Brussels
Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium, serving as the de facto capital of the European Union. It is known for its Art Nouveau architecture, comic book culture, and as the headquarters of NATO. Brussels is bilingual (French/Dutch).
India is the largest producer of okra (bhindi) in the world.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India is the largest producer of okra (bhindi) globally, contributing about 60% of world production. Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh. Okra is a warm-season vegetable rich in fiber and vitamins.
Which process forms a 'V-shaped valley'?
- Glacial erosion
- River erosion
- Wind erosion
- Coastal erosion
Answer: River erosion
V-shaped valleys are formed by river erosion, where flowing water cuts downward into the landscape. The steep sides result from vertical erosion dominating over lateral erosion. In contrast, glaciers create U-shaped valleys.
The _______ crop is known as the 'Wonder Crop' due to its nutritional value.
- Soybean
- Quinoa
- Amaranth
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Soybean, quinoa, and amaranth are all called 'Wonder Crops' due to their high protein content and nutritional benefits. Soybean is widely grown in India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra). These crops support food security and sustainable agriculture.
Which is the world's largest volcanic crater?
- Crater Lake
- Ngorongoro
- Yellowstone Caldera
- Toba
Answer: Toba
Lake Toba in Indonesia is the world's largest volcanic crater (caldera), formed by a super-eruption about 74,000 years ago. The caldera is 100 km long and 30 km wide. The eruption is believed to have caused a global volcanic winter.
India's standard meridian (82.5°E) passes through Uttar Pradesh.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India's standard meridian (82.5°E) passes through Mirzapur near Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh. This longitude is used to define Indian Standard Time (IST), which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. A single time zone is used across India.
Which river is known as the 'Lifeline of Jharkhand'?
- Damodar
- Subarnarekha
- Koel
- Barakar
Answer: Damodar
The Damodar River is called the 'Lifeline of Jharkhand' as it provides water for irrigation, industry, and power generation. The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) manages multipurpose projects on the river. It flows through Jharkhand and West Bengal.
The _______ is the largest lake in Rajasthan.
- Pushkar Lake
- Sambhar Lake
- Pichola Lake
- Fateh Sagar
Answer: Sambhar Lake
Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan is India's largest inland saltwater lake (230 sq km). It is a Ramsar site and a major source of salt production. The lake is an important wintering ground for flamingos and other migratory birds.