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Which is the highest peak in Africa?
- Mount Kenya
- Mount Kilimanjaro
- Mount Meru
- Ras Dashen
Answer: Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters. It is a dormant stratovolcano with three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo's summit, Uhuru Peak, is the highest point. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The _______ is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.
- Arma Konda
- Mahendragiri
- Jindhagada
- Deomali
Answer: Jindhagada
Jindhagada Peak (1,690 m) in Andhra Pradesh is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and lower than the Western Ghats, running parallel to India's east coast from Odisha to Tamil Nadu.
Which port is known as the 'Gateway of Karnataka'?
- Mangalore Port
- Karwar Port
- Belekeri Port
- Malpe Port
Answer: Mangalore Port
Mangalore Port (New Mangalore Port) is known as the 'Gateway of Karnataka'. It is the only major port in Karnataka and handles petroleum products, containers, and bulk cargo. It is located at Panambur, near Mangaluru.
The troposphere contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (up to 8-15 km), contains about 75-80% of the atmosphere's mass and almost all water vapor. All weather phenomena occur in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude at about 6.5°C per km.
Which national park is located in Kerala and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
- Periyar
- Eravikulam
- Silent Valley
- Wayanad
Answer: Silent Valley
Silent Valley National Park in Kerala is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its tropical evergreen forests and endangered species like the Lion-tailed Macaque. The park was saved from a hydroelectric project in the 1980s.
The _______ is the largest hot desert in the world.
- Arabian Desert
- Gobi Desert
- Sahara Desert
- Kalahari Desert
Answer: Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert in North Africa is the largest hot desert in the world, covering about 9.2 million sq km. It spans 11 countries including Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
The Tehri Dam is built on which river?
- Yamuna
- Ganga
- Bhagirathi
- Alaknanda
Answer: Bhagirathi
The Tehri Dam, one of the highest dams in India (260.5 m), is built on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It is a multipurpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam providing irrigation, municipal water supply, and 1,000 MW of hydroelectric power.
The Equator passes through 13 countries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Equator passes through 13 countries: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, São Tomé & Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, and Kiribati. It divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of manganese?
- Madhya Pradesh
- Odisha
- Maharashtra
- Karnataka
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of manganese in India, contributing about 30% of national production. Major deposits are in Balaghat, Chhindwara, and Jhabua districts. Manganese is essential for steel production and battery manufacturing.
The _______ crop is also known as 'Golden Fiber'.
- Cotton
- Jute
- Silk
- Wool
Answer: Jute
Jute is known as 'Golden Fiber' due to its golden color and high economic value. India is the largest producer of jute in the world, primarily grown in West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam. It is used for making sacks, carpets, and textiles.
The retreating monsoon season in India occurs during October-November.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The retreating monsoon (October-November) occurs when the Southwest Monsoon withdraws from India. This season brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. It is also known as the Northeast Monsoon in these regions.
Which country is known as the 'Land of Midnight Sun'?
- Sweden
- Norway
- Finland
- Iceland
Answer: Norway
Norway is known as the 'Land of Midnight Sun' because during summer months (May-July), the sun remains visible for 24 hours in regions north of the Arctic Circle. This phenomenon occurs due to Earth's axial tilt.
What is the approximate thickness of the Earth's crust under continents?
- 5-10 km
- 20-30 km
- 30-50 km
- 70-100 km
Answer: 30-50 km
The continental crust is approximately 30-50 km thick, while oceanic crust is thinner (5-10 km). The crust is the outermost solid shell of Earth, composed mainly of granitic rocks on continents and basaltic rocks under oceans.
The _______ River is the only major river in India that originates and ends within the country.
- Chambal
- Betwa
- Ken
- Son
Answer: Chambal
The Chambal River originates in the Vindhya Range of Madhya Pradesh and flows through Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh before joining the Yamuna. It is known for its ravines and is one of the least polluted rivers in India.
The Prime Meridian passes through Greenwich, London.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Prime Meridian (0° longitude) passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. It serves as the reference line for Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Which Indian state has the highest forest cover by percentage of its geographical area?
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Mizoram
- Manipur
- Nagaland
Answer: Mizoram
Mizoram has the highest forest cover by percentage (about 84.53% of its geographical area) according to the India State of Forest Report 2021. Arunachal Pradesh has the highest forest cover by absolute area among Northeast states.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of sugarcane?
- Maharashtra
- Uttar Pradesh
- Karnataka
- Tamil Nadu
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane in India, contributing about 40% of national production. Major sugarcane-growing districts include Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor, and Saharanpur. India is the second-largest sugar producer globally after Brazil.
The _______ is the smallest state in India by area.
- Sikkim
- Goa
- Tripura
- Nagaland
Answer: Goa
Goa is the smallest state in India by area (3,702 sq km). Located on the west coast, it is known for beaches, Portuguese heritage, and tourism. Panaji is its capital. Despite its size, Goa has the highest GDP per capita among Indian states.
Which river is known as the 'River of Sorrow' in China?
- Yangtze
- Huang He (Yellow River)
- Mekong
- Salween
Answer: Huang He (Yellow River)
The Huang He (Yellow River) is called 'China's Sorrow' due to its frequent and devastating floods caused by silt deposition raising the riverbed. Historically, floods have caused millions of deaths. Massive dam projects now help control flooding.
The Narmada River flows westward into the Arabian Sea.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Narmada River flows westward through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, emptying into the Arabian Sea via the Gulf of Khambhat. It is one of the few major Indian rivers flowing west. The Tapi River also flows westward similarly.