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Recent constitutional amendments (103rd-106th) primarily focus on enhancing representation and affirmative action for marginalized groups, reflecting the Constitution's adaptive capacity to address evolving ______ demands within democratic framework.
- economic
- social justice
- technological
- military
Answer: social justice
Recent amendments trajectory (2019-2023): (a) 103rd (2019): EWS reservation - economic criteria for forward castes, (b) 104th (2019): Extended SC/ST legislative reservation, omitted Anglo-Indian nomination, (c) 105th (2021): Restored States' power to identify OBCs for State-level reservations, (d) 106th (2023): 33% women's reservation in legislatures, (e) Pattern: Expanding inclusive representation while balancing competing claims (merit vs reservation, gender vs caste, economic vs social criteria), (f) Constitutional flexibility: Enables adaptation to evolving social justice demands while preserving core values through basic structure doctrine. Illustrates living constitutionalism: rooted in enduring values (justice, liberty, equality, fraternity), adaptive to changing needs through democratic practice.