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Despite progressive Constitutional Morality jurisprudence, implementation gaps persist due to combination of factors. Which of the following is NOT a typical challenge in realizing Constitutional Morality in practice?
- Institutional capacity constraints in enforcement agencies
- Political will deficits when rights realization conflicts with short-term interests
- Awareness gaps among marginalized beneficiaries about their rights
- Constitutional text being too rigid to adapt to contemporary challenges
Answer: Constitutional text being too rigid to adapt to contemporary challenges
Constitutional Morality implementation challenges: (a) Institutional capacity: Courts issue guidelines but lack enforcement machinery; executive agencies may lack training, resources, coordination, (b) Political will: Rights realization may conflict with short-term political/economic interests; electoral incentives may not prioritize marginalized groups, (c) Awareness gaps: Beneficiaries (especially marginalized) may not know their rights or how to claim them; legal literacy programs uneven, (d) Resource limitations: Socio-economic rights (health, education, housing) require significant public investment; fiscal constraints affect progressive realization, (e) Constitutional text flexibility: Indian Constitution is adaptable — amendments, judicial interpretation, evolving practice enable adaptation to contemporary challenges (digital age, climate crisis, identity politics). Option (d) is incorrect: Constitution's flexibility is strength, not weakness. Illustrates rights realization complexity: legal recognition necessary but insufficient; requires holistic governance approach.