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During Financial Emergency under Article 360, the President can issue directions to States to reduce salaries of government officials. Which category of officials is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution as subject to salary reduction?
- Only civil servants
- Only elected representatives
- All government officials including Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts
- Only contractual employees
Answer: All government officials including Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts
Financial Emergency salary provisions: (a) Article 360(4)(b): President may issue directions for reduction of salaries of: (i) All persons serving Union (including Supreme Court Judges), (ii) All persons serving State (including High Court Judges), (b) Rationale: During financial crisis, all state functionaries share burden; judicial independence protected by other safeguards (security of tenure, removal procedure), (c) Historical note: Never invoked; reflects high threshold and political consensus against using this provision, (d) Balance: Fiscal discipline during crisis vs. institutional independence; Constitution assumes crisis temporary, safeguards permanent. Illustrates nuanced federal-fiscal design: Union power to address national financial crisis while respecting institutional autonomy through procedural protections.