Create a custom practice set
Pick category, difficulty, number of questions, and time limit. Start instantly with your own quiz.
Generate QuizGK Question
Under Article 39A (inserted by 42nd Amendment) and Article 21, the Supreme Court in Hussainara Khatoon case held that free legal aid to poor accused is essential for ______ justice.
- procedural
- substantive
- retributive
- distributive
Answer: procedural
Free legal aid jurisprudence: (a) Article 39A (DPSP): State shall provide free legal aid to ensure justice not denied due to economic disabilities, (b) Hussainara Khatoon (1979): Free legal aid essential for fair trial under Article 21; procedural justice requires equal access to legal representation, (c) Operationalization: Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 establishing NALSA, State/District Legal Services Authorities, Lok Adalats. Ensures substantive equality: formal rights meaningful only with access to enforcement mechanisms.