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Indian federalism continues to evolve through constitutional amendments, judicial interpretations, institutional innovations, and political practice, requiring aspirants to stay updated with recent developments while grounding analysis in constitutional principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Federalism as evolving system: (a) Constitutional amendments: 101st (GST), 105th (State OBC lists), 106th (women's reservation) adjust federal balance while respecting basic structure, (b) Judicial interpretations: Recent judgments (Article 370, sub-classification within SCs, electoral bonds) update federal principles for contemporary contexts, (c) Institutional innovations: GST Council, NITI Aayog rankings, Digital India platforms create new cooperative mechanisms, (d) Political practice: Coalition dynamics, party federalism, electoral mandates shape Centre-State negotiations, (e) Aspirant strategy: (i) Build strong foundation in constitutional text and landmark cases, (ii) Follow current affairs (Supreme Court judgments, Finance Commission reports, Council meetings), (iii) Practice applying principles to new scenarios (data governance, climate federalism), (iv) Develop balanced analysis (acknowledging complexity, proposing reforms). Reflects Constitution's living nature: rooted in enduring values, adaptive to changing needs. Essential for UPSC Mains forward-looking, principled analysis.