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In SR Bommai case (1994), the Supreme Court held that the President's satisfaction under Article 356 for imposing President's Rule must be based on ______ material and is subject to judicial review.
- subjective
- objective
- political
- confidential
Answer: objective
SR Bommai safeguards on Article 356: (a) Presidential satisfaction must be based on objective material (e.g., Governor's report, Assembly proceedings, independent verification), not subjective opinion or political consideration, (b) Satisfaction subject to judicial review: Courts can examine if material relevant, if mala fide, if constitutional standards violated, (c) Floor test primary method to test majority; Governor cannot dismiss Ministry without testing majority on Assembly floor, (d) Assembly dissolution not automatic; can be revived if proclamation struck down. Landmark judgment curbing arbitrary use of Article 356; strengthened federal balance by protecting State autonomy against political misuse while preserving Union power for genuine constitutional breakdown.