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The requirement of 'speaking orders' (orders containing reasons) in administrative decisions is mandated by the Constitution for all executive actions.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Speaking orders requirement (Indian position): (a) Not universally mandated by Constitution, but (b) Courts have held: (i) Quasi-judicial decisions must contain reasons (natural justice), (ii) Administrative decisions affecting rights should give reasons to enable judicial review, (iii) Statutes may expressly require reasoned orders. Benefits: Transparency, accountability, better decision-making, facilitates appeal. Trend: Increasing judicial emphasis on reasoned decisions as part of fair procedure under Article 14/21.