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The process of heating ore below melting point in absence of air is called ________.
- Roasting
- Calcination
- Smelting
- Refining
Answer: Calcination
Calcination decomposes carbonate ores (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂) by heating in limited air. Roasting is for sulfide ores in excess air. Key step in metal extraction. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]