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Which statement best describes the role of landmark Supreme Court cases in Indian constitutionalism?
- Cases merely apply existing law without evolving principles
- Cases dynamically interpret Constitution to address new challenges while preserving basic structure
- Cases override parliamentary sovereignty in all matters
- Cases focus only on criminal law, not constitutional principles
Answer: Cases dynamically interpret Constitution to address new challenges while preserving basic structure
Landmark SC cases serve critical functions: (a) Interpret constitutional provisions in light of evolving societal needs (e.g., privacy, environment, LGBTQ+ rights), (b) Evolve doctrines like basic structure, PIL, absolute liability to strengthen constitutional governance, (c) Balance rights with state interests, federalism with national unity, judicial review with democratic accountability, (d) Preserve core constitutional values while enabling adaptive governance. Dynamic interpretation ensures Constitution remains living document for 21st century India.